清澜港养殖海域大型污损动物初始附着区真核微生物群落特征研究

Characteristics of Eukaryotic Microbial Communities on theMacrofouler Initial Attachment Areas at the AquacultureRegion in Qinglan Port

在海南清澜港近岸养殖海域,采用聚乙烯(Polyethylene,PE)、聚酰胺(Polyamide,PA)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(Polymethyl Methacrylate)3种材料,通过实海挂板方式和高通量测序技术,比较分析了华美盘管虫(Hydroides elegans)、纹藤壶(Balanus amphitrite)和萨氏膜孔苔虫(Membranipora savartii)3种大型污损动物初始附着区(IAA)微生物膜中真核微生物群落特征。结果表明,在3种材料上,相同物种的大型污损动物初始附着区的微生物群落结构呈现较高相似度。不同污损动物IAA真核微生物群落的优势属不同,华美盘管虫、纹藤壶和萨氏膜孔苔虫的相关群落优势属分别为石莼属(43.02%~93.31%)、微绿藻属(10.74%~60.86%)和小单宫属(12.08%~34.78%)。萨氏膜孔苔虫IAA真核微生物群落的Alpha多样性最高;共现网络分析表明真核微生物群落中的种间关系以互利共生为主。功能预测分析显示IAA真核微生物群落中与生物合成、降解/利用/同化、前体代谢产物和能量产生相关功能的类群丰度较高。该研究有助于深入了解大型污损动物附着与基底微生物的相关性,为海水养殖业的防污工作提供参考资料。

In the nearshore mariculture area in Qinglan Port,Hainan,three materials,polyethylene(PE),polyamide(PA),and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA),were employed as sea-hanging panels in the mariculture area and microbial biofilms were collected from the macrofoulers on the panels for high-throughput sequencing and analysis.A comparative analysis of the characteristics of eukaryotic microbial communities in the initial attachment areas(IAA)of three macrofouler,including Hydroides elegans,Balanus amphitrite and Membranipora savartii,showed that the microbial community structures in the initial attachment areas of the same species of a macrofouler on the three materials exhibited high similarity.The dominant taxa in the eukaryotic microbial communities varied among different macrofouler IAAs,with Ulva(43.02%-93.31%)dominating in H.elegans,Picochlorum(10.74%-60.86%)in B.amphitrite,and Monhystrella(12.08%-34.78%)in M.savartii.The alpha diversity of the eukaryotic microbial community in M.savartii IAA was the highest.Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that mutualistic symbiosis was the predominant interspecies relationship in the eukaryotic microbial community.Functional prediction analysis revealed higher abundances of taxa associated with biosynthesis,degradation/utilization/assimilation,generation of precursor metabolite and energy production in the eukaryotic microbial communities of IAAs.This study contributes to a better understanding of the correlation between the attachment of large fouling animals and the underlying microbial community,providing reference data for anti-fouling work in mariculture.