器物科技断代的综述与思考

Review and reflection on the technological detection of the production date of implements and remains

判断一种仪器或方法在器物断代方面的关键标准是,使用该仪器或方法检测得到的器物的烧制年代与器物的实际烧制年代相符。如果检测年代与实际年代基本相符,那么这种仪器或方法是有效且可采用的;如果检测年代与实际年代相差甚远,不管这种仪器或方法所表述的原理是否清晰,都是没有实际意义的,是不可采用的。综述了考古文博领域经常使用的碳十四、热释光、标准数据库对比等科技断代方法的主要原理和流程,总结了民间收藏领域经常使用的量子文物年份检测仪、磁共振(场感应)年份检测仪的一些新闻报道、检测实例以及使用者的一些感悟等。

The paper summarizes the main principle and process of the widely used technological method for detecting the production date of ancient cultural heritage in the field of archaeology and museology,such as carbon-14 dating,thermoluminescence dating and dating by comparing sample data with standard database.It also reviews some news reports,testing examples,and user perceptions on quantum cultural heritage production date detectors and magnetic resonance(field induction)age detection instrument commonly used in folk collection.It is considered that the critical criterion for judging whether an instrument or technology is effective in detecting the production date of an implements is whether the production date detected by the instrument or technology is in accord with the actual production date.The instrument or technology is effective and useful if the detection date matches the actual date very well.Otherwise,it is ineffective and useless if the detection date is in considerable discrepancy with the actual date,regardless of whether the principle expressed by this instrument or method is clear or not.