复合花粉灵芝发酵工艺优化及活性物质组分分析

Process Optimization and Active Substance Components Analysis of Compound Pollens and Ganoderma lucidum Fermentation Broth

对复合花粉灵芝液体发酵工艺进行优化并对发酵液中的活性物质进行分析,为花粉发酵加工提供一定的理论基础和数据支持。使用灵芝对复合花粉进行液体发酵,通过单因素及正交试验对发酵工艺进行优化,并采用高效液相色谱法分析发酵液中多糖的单糖组成,利用超高效液相色谱质谱联用法分析发酵液中的酚酸。结果表明,最优发酵工艺条件为花粉添加量1.5%、初始pH为7、发酵时间11 d,获得的复合花粉灵芝发酵液多糖含量为(393.69±4.09)mg/100 mL,总黄酮含量为(5.63±0.20)mg/100 mL,铁离子还原抗氧化能力达到(2.303±0.143)μmol/mL;发酵液中的多糖由甘露糖、核糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、岩藻糖10种单糖组成,其中葡萄糖含量(49.42%)最高;发酵液中含有5种酚酸类物质,分别为槲皮素、对羟基苯甲酸、木犀草素、芹菜酸和山奈酚,其中山奈酚含量(683.71 mg/kg)最高。综上,复合花粉灵芝发酵液富含多糖和黄酮类物质,抗氧化能力较高,具有潜在的保健功效。

This study aimed to optimize the liquid fermentation process of compound pollens and Ganoderma lucidum,and analyze the active substances in the fermentation solution,which would provide certain theoretical basis and data support for pollens fermentation.G.lucidum was used for liquid fermentation of compound pollens,and the fermentation conditions were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiments.The monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides in the fermentation solution were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and phenolic acid compositions were evaluated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.The results showed that the optimal fermentation conditions were determined as follows:pollens addition of 1.5%,initial pH value of 7,and fermentation time of 11 d,polysaccharides contents was(393.69±4.09)mg/100 mL in the fermentation solution,total flavonoids contents was(5.63±0.20)mg/100 mL,and the antioxidant capacity of reducing ferric ion was(2.303±0.143)μmol/mL.The polysaccharides in the fermentation broth were composed of mannose,ribose,rhamnose,glucuronic acid,galacturonic acid,glucose,galactose,xylose,arabinose and fucose,of which glucose content(49.42%)was the highest.There were 5 phenolic acids in the fermentation solution,which were quercetin,p-hydroxybenzoic acid,luteolin,apigenic acid and kaempferol,among which kaempferol content(683.71 mg/kg)was the highest.In summary,compound pollens and G.lucidum fermentation broth was rich in polysaccharides and flavonoids,and presented high antioxidant capacities and potential health care effects.