新郑地区汉代墓葬出土铁器的科技研究

Technological Research on Iron Wares Excavated from Han Dynasty Tombs in Xinzheng Area

对河南新郑郑韩故城及周边地区墓葬出土的6件铁器进行科技检测,采用了金相、扫描电镜及能谱分析(SEM-EDS)两种试验方法,对样品进行金相组织观察及夹杂物成分分析。样品种类包括剑、带钩、削、铲。经分析样品均为生铁及生铁制钢制品,其中三件为铸铁脱碳制品,一件白口铁制品,一件韧性铸铁制品及一件炒钢制品。出土铁器的制作工艺有明显区别,选择性使用了锻打、退火等加工工艺;其中存在铸铁脱碳钢样品具有高锰特征,可能与使用含锰矿石冶炼有关。通过检测与分析,中原地区在汉代时期(王莽新朝至东汉中期)仍沿袭战国时期制铁工艺,进一步了解该时期制铁工艺发展情况。

Technological inspections were conducted on six iron objects excavated from the ancient tombs in the surrounding areas of the Ancient Zhenghan City in Xinzheng,Henan,and nearby regions.Two experimental methods,metallographic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS),were used to observe the metallurgical structure and analyze the composition of impurities in the samples.The types of samples include swords,belt hooks,knives,and shovels.After analysis,it is found that all the samples are made of cast iron and steel,including three pieces of cast iron decarburization products,one white-cast iron product,one ductile cast iron product,and one puddling steel product.The manufacturing techniques of the excavated iron objects are significantly different,with selective use of processing techniques such as forging and annealing after casting.there are cast iron decarburized samples with high manganese characteristics,which may be related to the use of manganese containing ores for smelting.The results show that the iron production technology of the Warring States Period was still used in the Central Plains region during the Han Dynasty(from Wang Mang's New Dynasty to the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty),further understanding the development of iron-making technology during this period.