全球清洁能源转型中的能源国际正义及中国角色

International Energy Justice and China's Role in the Global Clean Energy Transtion

当前全球清洁能源转型是在固有的非公正能源系统中进行的,仍未挣脱化石燃料体系的支配性逻辑。由于各国转型能力参差不齐,低碳转型中的马太效应会进一步扩大南北差距。因此,能源国际正义强调在全球清洁能源转型中为每个国家提供可负担、可持续的现代化绿色能源。当前,联合国已将能源国际正义理念嵌入到2030年可持续发展目标框架之中,注重气候变化与能源正义之间的议题互动,联合国能源机制下的“能源契约”推进了绿色公正转型的多元参与。但正义实践的推进过程仍面临多重挑战,体现为西方精英主义下能源转型政策与南方国家发展路径选择之间的张力,南方国家在融资保障和技术支持方面的困境,及欧美国家通过人权劳工环保规范对南方国家绿色发展空间的规锁。中国作为清洁能源大国,可凭借其结构性优势推进全球清洁能源的善治,在能源国际正义原则的落地上发挥理念、制度和实践三个维度的革新性角色,基于发展正义理念来保障“全球南方”的清洁能源稳健转型,推进基于公道正义的制度性变革,并通过绿色“一带一路”建构能源正义的国际践行平台。

The global transition to clean energy occurs within an inherently unjust energy system which has not fully escaped the dominance of fossil fuel structures.Different countries exhibit varying capacities for transition,and the"Matthew effect"in green transformation further exacerbates the North-South divide.In light of this,international energy justice emphasizes providing affordable and sustainable modern green energy for every nation during the global transition to clean energy.Currently,the United Nations(UN)is attempting to embed the concept of international energy justice into the framework of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals,focusing on the agenda interaction between climate change and energy justice,and promoting diverse participation in green and just transitions through the"Energy Compact"in the UN Energy mechanism.However,the justice practical process is confronted with multiple challenges.These challenges manifest as tensions between Western elite-driven energy transition policies and the development paths chosen by Southern countries,financial and technical support constraints faced by Southern countries,and the normative constraints of human rights,labor,and environmental values imposed by Western countries on the green development space of Southern countries.As a major global producer of clean energy,China could leverage its structural advantages to promote good governance of global clean energy,play a renovating role in three dimensions of ideology,institution and practice to enhance the practical implementation of the international energy justice principle,and ensure a robust and equitable transition to clean energy in the Global South by embracing the concept of development justice.Furthermore,China can drive institutional reforms based on the principles of fairness and justice,and rely on the green Belt and Road to construct an international practice platform of energy justice.