共建“数字丝绸之路”的中国角色、挑战及应对

China's Role,Challenges,and Responses in Building the Digital Silk Road

共建“数字丝绸之路”包含实现共建国家间数字基础设施互联互通、打造由数据要素驱动的数字经济新形态、形成权责明确的数字治理规则三重含义。共建“数字丝绸之路”中,我国主要承担器物、制度和理念供给者的角色。我国致力于缩小共建国家间因数字基础设施发展水平不均衡而造成的“数字鸿沟”,并主导构建共建国家间数字经济伙伴关系网络。共建国家、我国自身与供给竞争国等三类主体将影响我国参与共建“数字丝绸之路”的实际效果。现今共建国家数字基础设施发展水平极差大,且普遍为数字基础设施建设水平薄弱的国家,这一现实情况也掣肘了部分数字后发国家参与共建数字经济伙伴关系网络的能力与意愿。理想状态下,我国应提供适配共建国家差异化消费需求的公共产品,但目前我国向共建国家提供的制度公共产品呈现同质化特点。而且,作为供给竞争国的发达数字经济体常联合其域外盟友打压与遏制由我国主导构建的共建国家间数字经济伙伴关系网络。为逐项击破由三方主体带来的现实挑战,我国应精准匹配与协同升级共建国家间数字基础设施建设,转变我国制度供给策略,提供差异性更强的制度公共产品,并以“不可能三角”理性看待供给竞争国及其联盟体系。

Building the Digital Silk Road encompasses the triple meanings of realizing connectivity of digital infrastructures of countries along the Road,creating a new form of the digital economy driven by data elements,and forming digital governance rules with clear rights and responsibilities.In building the Digital Silk Road,China mainly assumes the roles of a provider of instrument,institution,and value.China is committed to narrowing the digital divide caused by the uneven development level of digital infrastructure along the Road,and leading the construction of a digital economy partnership network along the Road.Three types of subjects,including countries along the Road,China itself,and competing providers,will affect the actual effect of China's participation in building the Digital Silk Road.Nowadays,there is a big difference in the development levels of digital infrastructure among countries along the Road and these countries exhibit deficiencies in their digital infrastructure construction,which have also constrained the ability and willingness of certain digitally lagging countries to participate in the construction of the digital economy partnership network along the Road.Ideally,China should be able to provide public goods that meet the diverse consumption needs of countries along the Road;however,the institutional public goods provided by China to these countries are markedly homogenized.Moreover,developed digital economies,as competing providers,often collaborate with their extra-territorial allies to suppress and contain the digital economy partnership network along the Road led by China.In order to address the challenges posed by the three types of subjects,China will accurately align digital infrastructure development along the Road and coordinate its upgrades,revise its institutional supply strategy to provide more differentiated institutional public goods,and rationally assess the competing providers and their alliance system with the"Impossible Triangle."