从《赵氏孤儿》到《埃尔佩诺》——元杂剧在十八世纪德语文学中的变异

From The Orphan of Zhao to Elpenor:the variation of Yuan Zaju in 18thcentury German literature

元杂剧《赵氏孤儿》从中国经由法国进入德语文学的跨国旅行,是一次中国戏曲文学作品发生他国化变异的经历。基于比较文学变异学视角,对《赵氏孤儿》在18世纪德语文学中的传播进行了研究,还原其在伏尔泰、弗里德里西斯和歌德笔下在尊重自我异质、形成文学新质、激发结构变异的基础上实现他国化的路径,阐明其对他国文学、文论、文化层面产生的影响。经过研究得出结论:依托《赵氏孤儿》,伏尔泰在《中国孤儿》中实现了其启蒙哲学的构建主旨,弗里德里希试图通过创编《中国人》构建德意志民族文学,歌德尝试通过创编《埃尔佩诺》创立德意志古典主义戏剧。

The transnational journey of Yuan Zaju The Orphan of Zhao from China to German literature via France represents a crucial instance of literary variation and cross-cultural adaption.Based on the perspective of comparative literary variation,this paper studies the dissemination and adaption of The Orphan of Zhao in 18th-century German literature.It examines the processes by which this Chinese drama was foreignized and structurally transformed in the writings of Voltaire,Friedrichs and Goethe,while simultaneously preserving its distinct cultural otherness,engendering new literary characteristics,and stimulating structural variation.Furthermore,this study elucidates the influence of these variations on foreign literary traditions,literary theories and cultural dimensions.The study concludes that through revising The Orphan of China,Voltaire realised the central theme of his Enlightenment philosophy,Friedrich sought to construct a German national literature in his adaption The Chinese and Goethe tried to establish German classical drama through his adaption Elpenor.