以时文论诗法——论刘熙载以八股文法入诗论的“破体观”

Applying eight-legged essay techniques to poetic theories:on Liu Xizai’s concept“genre-transcending”

如何在前人诗论面前不落窠臼且开拓出一条新的道路,并体现出当代特质,是清代学人在总结前人诗论时所思考的问题。提及清代文学,八股文的影响不可忽视,而刘熙载正是在时文影响极盛的背景下,提出以八股文法论诗歌创作这一“破体”观念。刘熙载分别择取八股文的立意、布局、谋篇、点题之法来论述作诗,认为八股文亦有不可忽略的文学因素和价值,其文法与诗法亦有相通之处,应积极从中汲取有利于诗歌创作的文法。刘熙载对以八股文法论诗法的肯定,体现出其对“文体递变”的文体发展规律的坚持,展现出其在文艺理论上宏大的文体通变观。

In the Qing Dynasty,scholars aimed to forge new paths in poetic theories,moving beyond traditional frameworks while capturing contemporary characteristics.The influence of the eight-legged essay in Qing literature is notable,and it was within this context of flourishing writing styles that Liu Xizai proposed his concept of“genre-transcending”by applying eight-legged essay techniques to poetic composition.Liu Xizai draws from eight-legged essay elements,such as thematic conceptualization,structural organization,content development,and topic emphasis to elucidate poetic creation.He posited that eight-legged essay possessed intrinsic literary elements and values,asserting that its compositional principles shared affinities with poetic methodologies.Consequently,he advocated for the judicious extraction and application of beneficial compositional techniques from the eight-legged essay to poetry creation.Liu’s affirmation of employing eight-legged essay techniques in poetry reflects his adherence to the principle of“genre evolution”in literary development.This approach manifests his expansive perspective on the interconnectedness and evolution of literary genres within his broader aethetic and theoretical framework.