黄河流域环境治理效率的区域差异、动态演进及影响因素

Regional differences,dynamic evolution and influencing factors of environmental governance performance in the Yellow River Basin

黄河流域生态环境治理具有复杂性和长期性,加快构建现代环境治理体系,提高环境治理效率,是实现黄河流域生态环境高质量发展的关键环节。基于非期望产出的Super-SBM模型测算2005—2021年黄河流域省(区)域环境治理效率,利用Malmquist指数、Dagum基尼系数、标准差椭圆分析法揭示黄河流域环境治理效率时空差异及动态演变特征,并利用Tobit模型探究黄河流域环境治理效率的影响因素。结果表明:1)静态上,黄河流域环境治理综合效率均值为0.549,整体处于较低效率发展阶段;纯技术效率与综合效率协同变化,纯技术效率水平较低是效率不高的主要原因;黄河流域各省(区)环境治理效率差异显著且主要以较低效率值为主。2)动态上,技术水平年均上升8.25%,是造成黄河流域环境治理全要素变化的主要原因,推动技术水平提高仍是促进黄河流域环境治理效率进步的主要途径。3)空间演变上,黄河流域环境治理效率全域基尼系数较高,均值为0.322,组间分异是全域差异悬殊的主要原因;黄河流域环境治理效率在“偏东北—偏西南”方向收缩,重心始终位于上游地区。4)环境规制强度及经济发展水平分别在0.05和0.1的显著性水平下对环境治理效率产生正向影响,技术创新水平及产业结构对黄河流域环境治理效率起到抑制作用,城镇化水平和对外开放程度未造成显著影响。未来有必要从科技创新投入力度、污染治理、产业结构升级、生态系统保护与恢复、协调与合作等方面,深入研究黄河流域环境治理效率问题。

The ecological environment governance of the Yellow River Basin in China is complex and long-term.Accelerating the construction of a modern environmental governance system and improving the performance of environmental governance are the key links to achieving high-quality development of the ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin.The Super-SBM model based on non-expected output was used to measure the provincial environmental governance performance of the Yellow River Basin from 2005 to 2021.The spatial and temporal differences and dynamic evolution characteristics of the environmental governance performance of the Yellow River Basin were revealed using Malmquist index,Dagum Gini coefficient,and standard deviation ellipse analysis,and the influencing factors of the environmental governance performance of the basin were explored using Tobit model.The results showed that:(1)Statically,the average value of comprehensive environmental governance performance in the Yellow River Basin was 0.549,indicating an overall lower-efficiency stage of development.Pure technical and comprehensive efficiency changed synergistically,and the lower level of pure technical efficiency was the main reason for the inefficiency.The differences in the environmental governance performance of the provinces(autonomous regions) along the Yellow River were significant and mainly dominated by the lower efficiency value.(2) Dynamically,the technology level had risen by an average of 8.25 per cent per year.The level of technology was the main cause of changes in all elements of environmental governance in the Yellow River Basin,and promoting the improvement of the level of technology was still the main way to promote the progress of environmental governance efficiency in the Yellow River Basin.(3)In terms of spatial evolution,the total Gini coefficient of environmental governance performance in the Yellow River Basin was high,with a mean value of 0.322,and the inter-group variation was the main source of disparity in the whole region.The environmental governance performance of the Yellow River Basin was shrinking in the direction of "northeast-southwest",and the center of gravity was always located in the upstream area.(4)The intensity of environmental regulation and the level of economic development positively affected the environmental governance performance at the significance levels of0.05 and 0.1,respectively.The level of technological innovation and industrial structure inhibited the environmental governance performance of the Yellow River Basin,while the level of urbanization and the degree of openness to the outside world did not have a significant effect.In the new stage of development,it was necessary to study in depth the environmental governance performance of the Yellow River Basin in terms of the strength of scientific and technological innovation inputs,pollution management,industrial structure upgrading,ecosystem protection and restoration,coordination and cooperation,etc.