国土空间生态修复关键区域识别研究——以西安市为例

Study on identification of key areas for ecological restoration of territorial space:taking Xi'an City as an example

科学识别国土空间生态修复关键区域与系统推进“山水林田湖草”生态治理对筑牢我国生态安全屏障具有重要意义。以地处秦岭北麓山水重大工程的西安市为研究区,基于遥感、气象和地形地貌等多源数据,采用InVEST模型、水量平衡模型、(RUSLE模型)、MSPA模型、层次分析法和电路理论构建生态安全格局,识别西安市生态修复关键区域。结果显示:西安市共含生态源地36处,总面积达2 591.96 km^(2),主要分布在秦岭山地、骊山北部及渭河水系等重要水库周边;西安市共有生态廊道70条,总长度为686.23 km,结合山、水、林、田、湖、草、湿、峪等生态要素特征,构建“一屏一带,一环多廊,多片”的总体生态安全格局;识别西安市生态夹点45处,面积共计33.56 km^(2),大部分夹点均位于低阻力区域和较高生态水平的廊道上;识别生态障碍点25处,面积共计39.32 km^(2),大部分集中于研究区东北部人类干扰较强的城市交通高流量区。综合考虑西安市自然本底特征和生态问题,提出了强化源地保护、提升源地规模,重视廊道防护、优化廊道体系,修复与优化夹点、移除或改善障碍点的生态修复建议,助力西安市生态文明建设与高质量发展。

Scientific identification of key areas for ecological restoration of territorial space and systematic promotion of ecological governance of "mountains,water,forests,fields,lakes and grasses" is of great significance for building a strong ecological security barrier in China.Taking Xi'an City,which is located in the northern foothills of Qinling Mountains,as the study area,based on multi-source data such as remote sensing,meteorology,topography and geomorphology,the InVEST model,water balance model,RUSLE model,MSPA model,the hierarchical analysis method,and the circuit theory were used to construct the ecological security pattern and identify the key areas of ecological restoration in Xi'an City.The results show that Xi'an City contains 36 ecological source areas with a total area of 2 591.96 km^(2),mainly distributed in the Qinling Mountain Range,the northern part of Mountain Li,and around important reservoirs such as Wei River system.It has 70 ecological corridors,with a total length of 686.23 km and,in combination with the characteristics of ecological elements such as mountains,water,forests,fields,lakes,grasses,wetlands and valleys,the overall ecological security pattern of "one screen,one belt,one ring,multiple corridors,and multiple slices" was constructed.There were 45 ecological pinch points identified in Xi'an,with a total area of 33.56 km^(2),most of which were located in low-resistance areas and corridors with higher ecological levels.There were 25 ecological obstacles,with a total area of 39.32 km^(2),and most of the ecological obstacles were concentrated in the high-traffic urban areas in the northeastern part of the study area,where human interference was strong.Considering the characteristics of the natural background and ecological problems in Xi'an,ecological restoration proposals were put forward to strengthen the protection of the source areas,enhance the scale of the source areas,emphasize the protection of the corridors,optimize the corridor systems,repair and optimize the pinch points,remove or improve the obstacle points,so as to help the construction of the ecological civilization and high-quality development of Xi'an.