持久性有机污染物在危险废物鉴别中的限值修订建议

Suggestions on revising the limit values of persistent organic pollutants in hazardous waste identification

持久性有机污染物(POPs)已频繁在多种环境介质和人体组织中检出并受到环境研究者的重点关注。固体废物是POPs重要的源和汇,科学合理地处置含POPs固体废物对于遏制和减少该类污染物的环境危害具有重要意义。随着《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》清单的更新,我国现行的GB 5085.6—2007《危险废物鉴别标准毒性物质含量鉴别》也需要及时修订完善。针对这一需求,对比了国内外含POPs固体废物的管理限值要求,梳理了我国典型固体废物或固体样品中POPs的残留现状。结果显示,大多数固体废物、环境样品或生物体中POPs含量在十亿分之一到百万分之一的水平,一些POPs在用途较大的样品中接近或可达千分之一的水平。其中,固体废物中POPs可能高于限值风险的种类有多溴联苯醚类、五氯酚和短链氯化石蜡等。结合我国现行危险废物鉴别标准制定的方法学,综合考虑技术可行性和社会经济影响等方面的因素,给出了我国《重点管控新污染物清单(2023年版)》中列举的19种(类)POPs在毒性物质含量鉴别中的建议修订限值。

Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs) have been frequently detected in various environmental media and human tissues,and have received significant attention from environmental researchers.Solid waste is an important source and sink of POPs.Scientific and rational disposal of POPs-containing solid wastes is of great significance to control and reduce the environmental hazards of POPs.With the updating of the list of Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs),the current version of China's Identification Standards for Hazardous Waste-Identification for Toxic Substance Content(GB 5085.6-2007) needs to be revised and improved in a timely manner.In view of this demand,the management limit requirements for the POPs-containing solid wastes at home and abroad were summarized,and the status of POPs residues in typical solid wastes and related samples in China was reviewed.The results showed that most solid wastes,environmental samples,or organisms contained POPs at levels ranging from one part per billion to one part per million.The levels of some POPs were close to or up to one part per thousand in samples with larger applications.Among them,the levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers,pentachlorophenol,and short-chained chlorinated paraffins in solid wastes might be at risk of exceeding the management limits.Combined with the existing methodology for hazardous waste identification standard development in China and comprehensively considering the technical feasibility and socio-economic impact of factors,the recommended revised limits for the identification of toxic substance content for 19 POPs listed in Priority Control List of Emerging Contaminants(2023 version) were given.