乳腺癌放疗中的心脏保护策略:从分割技术到剂量控制

Cardiac protection strategies in breast cancer radiotherapy:from segmentation technology to dose control

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,其发病率位居女性恶性肿瘤之首。放射治疗作为乳腺癌的重要治疗手段,能够有效降低复发率和死亡率。然而,在放疗过程中,心脏不可避免地暴露于电离辐射中,从而增加心脏毒性的风险,尤其是缺血性心肌病等并发症。因此,在乳腺癌放疗中,如何有效保护心脏并降低其受照剂量成为治疗中的关键挑战。本文将从放疗对心脏的影响、心脏剂量限值、心脏区域自动分割技术以及降低心脏受照剂量的策略四个方面进行探讨,旨在通过多种技术手段实现心脏的有效保护,从而降低心脏并发症的风险,提升患者的长期生存质量。

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women,with the highest incidence rate of all female cancers.Radiotherapy is an essential treatment modality for breast cancer,effectively reducing recurrence and mortality rates.However,during radiotherapy,the heart inevitably gets exposed to ionizing radiation,increasing the risk of cardiac toxicity,particularly complications such as ischemic cardiomyopathy.Therefore,effective cardiac protection and minimizing heart radiation exposure are crucial challenges in breast cancer radiotherapy.This review explores four key aspects:the impact of radiotherapy on the heart,cardiac dose constraints,automated segmentation of cardiac regions,and strategies to reduce cardiac dose exposure,in order to implement effective cardiac protection through various technologies to reduce the risk of cardiac complications and improve patients'long-term quality of life.