北京地区成人过敏性哮喘患者吸入性过敏原特点分析

Analysis of inhaled allergen characteristics of adult patients with allergic asthma in Beijing

目的分析北京地区成人过敏性哮喘患者吸入性过敏原的特点。方法收集2021年1月至2023年12月北京清华长庚医院呼吸与危重医学科门诊及住院吸入性过敏原阳性的成人过敏性哮喘患者,分析其吸入性过敏原的特点。结果吸入性过敏原阳性的过敏性哮喘患者共1568例,男与女人数之比为0.85∶1,年龄(42.84±16.18)岁,吸入性过敏原阳性率按高低排序前5位依次是屋尘混合hx2(53.34%)、动物皮毛屑混合ex1(48.22%)、苍耳w13(46.59%)、艾蒿w6(39.51%)、杂草类花粉混合wx5(37.19%)。男性患者粉尘螨d2、户尘螨d1、屋尘混合hx2及烟曲霉m3阳性率均高于女性患者(P均<0.05),而动物皮毛屑混合ex1阳性率低于女性患者(P=0.001)。猫皮屑e1、狗毛屑e5、动物皮毛屑混合ex1、屋尘混合hx2、普通豚草w1阳性率随着年龄增长出现逐渐下降或波动下降(P均<0.05);而烟曲霉m3、霉菌混合mx2阳性率分别在40~49岁和30~39岁中最低,50岁后增高(P均<0.001),蟑螂i6随着患者年龄增长率逐渐升高(P=0.003)。结论吸入性过敏原阳性的过敏性哮喘患者以中青年女性居多,屋尘混合过敏原阳性率最高;部分吸入性过敏原在不同性别及年龄段中的阳性率有差异。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of inhaled allergens in adult patients with allergic asthma in Beijing.Methods Clinical data of adult patients with allergic asthma who tested positive for inhaled allergens admitted to Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine from January 2021 to December 2023 were collected,and the characteristics of inhaled allergens were analyzed.Results A total of 1568 patients with allergic asthma who were positive for inhaled allergens were enrolled,with a male-to-female ratio of 0.85 and an average age of(42.84±16.18)years old.The top 5 positive rates for inhaled allergens were house dust mite mix 2(53.34%),animal dander mix 1(48.22%),cocklebur(46.59%),mugwort(39.51%),and weed pollen mix 5(37.19%),respectively.The positive rates of Dermatophagoides farinae,house dust mite,house dust mite mix 2,and Aspergillus fumigatus in male patients were higher than those in female patients(all P<0.05),while the positive rate of animal dander mix 1 was lower than that in female patients(P=0.001).The positive rates of cat dander,dog dander,animal dander mix 1,house dust mite mix 2,and common ragweed showed a decreasing trend with age(all P<0.05).The positive rates of Aspergillus fumigatus and molds and yeasts mix 2 were the lowest among 40-49 years old and 30-39 years old,respectively,and significantly increased after 50 years old(all P<0.001).The positive rate of cockroach was gradually increased with the age of patients(P=0.003).Conclusions The proportion of young female patients with allergic asthma positive for inhaled allergens is higher than other counterparts.House dust mite mix 2 positive rate is the highest among all inhaled allergens.The positive rate of certain inhaled allergens varies among different genders and age groups.