农作物秸秆还田研究现状与展望

Research Status and Prospect of Crop Straw Returning to the Field

农作物秸秆是一种绿色可再生资源,世界年秸秆产量约70亿t,我国年秸秆产量约10亿t。农作物秸秆多被作为农业废弃物焚烧、堆放处理,导致环境污染和资源浪费,提高农作物秸秆的综合利用率以及利用效果是农业可持续发展面临的主要问题。农作物秸秆由纤维素、半纤维素、木质素组成,并含有大量的碳、氮、磷、钾等元素以及蛋白质,作为肥料、饲料、燃料、基料、工业制品原料等综合利用有良好发展前景,尤其是以秸秆还田方式作为肥料化利用,更广泛、高效、经济、环保。本文从农作物秸秆的分布以及秸秆还田的作用原理、生态效益、替代化肥发展前景方面进行综述,以便更好地进行秸秆还田推广应用。

Crop straw is a kind of green renewable resource,the annual output of straw in the world is about 7 billion tons,and the annual output of straw in China is about 1 billion tons.Crop straws are mostly incinerated and stacked as agricultural waste,leading to environmental pollution and resource waste.Improving the comprehensive utilization rate and effectiveness of crop straw is the main problem facing sus-tainable development of agriculture.Crop straw is composed of cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin,and con-tains a large amount of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and other elements as well as protein,as fertilizer,feed,fuel,base material,industrial product raw material and other comprehensive utilization has good prospects for development,especially the straw returned to the field as fertilizer utilization,more extensive,efficient,economic and environmental protection.In this paper,the distribution of crop straw,the principle of straw returning to the field,the ecological benefit and the development prospects of alterna-tive fertilizer were reviewed,in order to better promote the application of straw returning to the field.