基于出行选择的旅客联程运输服务定价

Pricing of Combined Transport Based on Passenger Choice Behavior

在多模式运输竞争条件下,将旅客联程运输看作一个由多个任意运输方式联合提供服务的独立运营商参与市场竞争,并通过设立旅客满意度参数量化联程运输特有属性对旅客出行选择的影响,构建同时考虑旅客出行选择和运营商收益的“一票制”联运双层定价模型。针对下层模型中旅客出行选择参数标定需要大量数据,而联程运输处于初步发展阶段,存在缺乏相关数据的现实矛盾,通过运用层次分析法对相关因素的重要性程度进行标定。针对双层模型求解NP难问题,采用灵敏度分析法对模型求解过程进行简化。并以空铁联运为例对算法的有效性进行验证,结果表明:该定价模型可提升通道内总客流量,促进旅客出行,比补贴式定价有更强的可操作性和可持续性。

This paper regards combined transport as an independent operator that provides joint services provided by any of several modes of transport to participate in market competition.A“one ticket”combined transportation bi-level pricing model was established for the independent operator that considers mutual benefits of both passengers and transport operators.Meanwhile,passenger satisfaction parameters were constructed to quantify the impact of unique attributes of combined transportation on passenger travel choices.The analytic hierarchy method was introduced to calibrate the importance and correlation of relevant influencing factors,in response to the calibration of passenger travel choice parameters in the lower level model requiring a large amount of data,while combined transportation in the initial development stage lacking relevant data.Aiming at solving the difficult NP problem of the bi-level model,sensitivity analysis method was used to simplify the model solving process.Finally,in the case of the air-rail combined transport,the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified.The results show that the pricing model for combined transportation can improve the total passenger flow,and promote passenger travel,with stronger operability and sustainability than subsidized pricing mechanism.