不同导流罩作用下高速列车受电弓气动特性分析

Numerical Study of Aerodynamic Performance of Pantograph Subjected to Different Fairings

采用雷诺时均法对安装不同导流罩的高速列车受电弓流场进行数值模拟,研究在不同运行速度及4种导流罩作用下受电弓的气动特性,分析流线、压力场、速度场、气动力系数和气动抬升力等的变化规律。结果表明:导流罩装置能够对受电弓流场产生显著影响,通过改变气流的方向和速度使受电弓表面压力发生变化,起到降低受电弓气动阻力和升力的效果。结构设计差异使不同导流罩对受电弓空气动力学的影响差异显著,同时导流罩自身受到不可忽略的气动力,可能使导流罩和受电弓整体的总气动阻力和升力相比无导流罩情况大幅增加。导流罩能够使受电弓气动抬升力发生明显改变,同样类型的导流罩可能对气动抬升力产生差异显著的影响。

The flow field of a high-speed train pantograph system equipped with different types of fairings was simulated using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes model,to study the aerodynamic impacts of four different fairing structures on the pantograph at multiple speeds.The variations of streamline,pressure field,velocity field,drag coefficient,lift coefficient and aerodynamic uplift force were compared and analyzed.The results show that fairing devices can have significant impacts on the pantograph aerodynamics.Fairings will change the surface pressure of the pantograph by altering the flow direction and velocity,reducing the aerodynamic drag and lift of the pantograph.The variations in structural design of fairings bring different aerodynamic impacts on the pantograph.Due to significant aerodynamic loads subjected to the fairings,the total aerodynamic drag and lift of the combined fairing and pantograph system may be increased dramatically than pantograph alone.Fairings can significantly change the aerodynamic uplift of the pantograph,and the same type of fairing may have different effects on the aerodynamic uplift.