传统乡贤治理的发展演变、经验智慧与现实启示

The Development and Evolution of Traditional Rural Elite-Driven Governance,Its Experiences,Wisdom and Practical Enlightenment

在传统中国社会,几乎每个乡村都在自己的乡土文化中孕育了本土的乡贤,他们近似官而异于官,近似民又在民之上,乡贤能够通过自身特权上通民意,成为政府与民众的中介,直接参与乡村治理并发挥主导作用。传统乡贤治理是传统乡村社会治理的主要方式,纵览其发展,其内容由只负责道德教化逐渐演变为直接参与乡村具体事务。传统乡贤治理推动了乡村自治、发展了公益事业、繁荣了乡村文化、凝聚了乡村力量,充分体现了中国传统政治的圣贤色彩,突出展现了中国基层治理的经验智慧。对其经验进行总结能够为新时代背景下新乡贤参与乡村治理带来一些现实启示,值得去发掘与研究。

In traditional Chinese society,almost every village has nurtured virtuous people(elites) within its own local culture.They are similar to officials yet different;they are similar to the common people yet more powerful.The elites can convey public opinions through their own privileges,act as intermediaries between the government and the people,and directly participate and play a leading role in rural governance.Traditional rural elite-driven governance is the main mode of traditional rural social governance.Looking at its development,its content has gradually evolved from being solely responsible for moral education to directly participating in specific rural affairs.Traditional rural elite-driven governance has promoted rural autonomy,developed public welfare undertakings,flourished rural culture,and consolidated rural strength.It fully reflects the sage-like color of traditional Chinese politics and prominently showcases the experience and wisdom of grassroots governance in China.Summarizing its experience can bring some practical inspirations for new elites to participate in rural governance in the context of the new era,and it is worthy of exploration and research.