发情周期奶牛乳中物质成分和生殖激素的变化特征

Changes of Material Composition and Reproductive Hormones in Milk during Oestrus

奶牛发情期较短,且随集约化规模化奶牛生产和奶牛育种的需要,奶牛发情期越来越短,故需要建立快速批量准确的发情鉴定方法,以实现奶牛繁殖的精细管理,提高奶业经济效益。目前已有的传统及运动量鉴定方法,均存在不足。有研究表明,奶牛在发情时,其牛乳中物质成分和生殖激素含量随发情周期而发生一定的变化,这些物质成分和激素含量变化及其特征是否有可能作为奶牛发情的指标,以用于建立快速批量的高效发情鉴定新方法还有待研究。因此,本文综述了发情时奶牛乳中物质成分和不同生殖激素含量的变化,并与血液中生殖激素变化进行了比较,希望为建立快速批量的高效发情鉴定新方法,以提高奶牛繁殖管理水平提供一定的参考。

The estrus period of dairy cows is relatively short,and with the need of intensive and large-scale dairy production and dairy breeding,the estrus period of dairy cows is getting shorter and shorter.Therefore,it is necessary to establish a rapid and accurate method for estrus identification in batches to achieve fine management of dairy breeding and improve the economic benefits.At present,the oestrus identification mainly depends on traditional methods such as external observation,estrus test,rectal examination and vaginal examination.In recent years,people have also established a method based on pedometer to identify the physiological characteristics of the increase in exercise amount during the oestrus period.It also introduced pressure sensor,thermometer,neck collar,and so on,to identify estrus through physical characteristics of cows.Although it has been applied to a certain extent in production,there is still much room for improvement in the accuracy of judgment,and it also increases the investment in pasture equipment.The research shows that when cows are in estrus,the material composition and reproductive hormone in milk change with the estrus cycle to some extent.Whether these material composition and hormone content changes and their characteristics can be used as indicators of cows'oestrus,so as to establish a new method for rapid batch and efficient oestrus identification remains to be studied.Therefore,this article summarizes the changes of material composition and different reproductive hormone content in milk during oestrus.And the changes of reproductive hormones in milk and blood during oestrus were compared.