不同防风措施对无芒隐子草建植及植被恢复的效果评价

Effect of various wind protection measures on phytoremediation in coal mines of arid areas

无芒隐子草(Cleistogenes songorica)是我国西北荒漠草原乡土草种,在干旱区矿山修复中有巨大应用潜力,但其建植及植被恢复效果极易受干旱区风沙气候影响。本研究在西北干旱区煤矿渣山立地条件下,评估了不同的防风措施(无处理对照、生态棒、草帘、草方格、无纺布+生态棒和草帘+生态棒)对无芒隐子草建植和植被恢复的影响。结果表明:不同的防风措施均能够降低矿山风速,其中草方格的地面粗糙度为0.15,防风效应为83.00%,防风效果最好;草方格、生态棒、生态棒+无纺布处理显著(P<0.05)提高无芒隐子草建植初期的建植率(较对照分别提高0.53%、0.56%、0.43%)和密度(较对照分别提高60.64%、55.71%、45.69%);所有防风处理均可显著提高植被盖度,其中无纺布+生态棒处理的植被盖度达到68.40%,较对照高31.77%。本研究结果显示,草方格和无纺布+生态棒处理可以降低地块的风速,提高无芒隐子草建植率、密度以及植被盖度,对风沙较大的西北干旱矿区植被恢复提供了借鉴意义。

Cleistogenes songorica is a native desert grass species with significant potential for dryland mine rehabilitation.However,its establishment and revegetation effectiveness are highly affected by dryland winds and sandy conditions.This study evaluated the impact of different wind protection measures on the establishment of C.songorica and its revegetation in a dryland coal mine.Six different windbreaks were tested:control,ecological stick,grass curtain,grass square,non-woven fabric+ecological stick,and grass curtain+ecological stick.The results are as follows:Various wind protection measures effectively reduced wind speed,with the grass square performing best,achieving a ground roughness of 0.15 and a wind protection effect of 83%.The grass square,ecological stick,and ecological stick+non-woven treatments significantly(P<0.05)increased the establishment rate(0.5%,0.6%,and 0.4%,respectively)and density(60.4%,55.7%,and 45.7%,respectively)of C.songorica during the early establishment stage compared with the control.The vegetation survey revealed that plots with windbreak measures had significantly increased vegetation cover,with the non-woven+ecological stick treatment resulting in a 31.8%higher vegetation cover than the control.These results indicate that the grass square and non-woven fabric+ecological stick treatments can reduce wind speed,increase the establishment rate,density,and vegetation cover of awnless cryptomeria,and offer valuable insights for revegetating arid northwestern mining areas affected by strong wind and sand.