同质园环境下12种锦鸡儿属植物叶片真菌病害影响因素分析

Foliar fungal diseases across 12 Caragana species and the underlying factors in a common garden experiment

不同植物物种的真菌病害发生率和严重度往往具有一定差异,温度和降水量能够显著影响植物病害。但是不同来源地的植物种植在相同环境下,其物种间病害的差异是否还会受到来源地气候的影响,目前仍知之甚少。鉴于此,本研究以采集于中国东西部横跨3300 km样带上的12种锦鸡儿属(Caragana)植物为研究对象,利用同质园试验鉴定出不同来源地锦鸡儿属植物在相同环境下导致其植物叶片病害发生的病原真菌种类,量化12种锦鸡儿属植物叶片真菌病害的发生率、严重度和菌落直径,并结合来源地年平均温度和年平均降水量分析不同锦鸡儿属植物叶片真菌病害发生率、严重度和菌落直径的变异来源。结果显示,来源地年平均温度和年平均降水量均未显著影响12种锦鸡儿属植物叶片真菌病害发生率(P>0.05),但叶片真菌病害严重度随来源地年平均降水量的增加而显著降低(P<0.01),叶片真菌菌落直径随来源地年平均降水量的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),但两者均并未随来源地年平均温度的变化而变化。本研究表明植物来源地的气候因子会对植物病害产生影响,研究结果有助于为管理部门在植被恢复和园林植物引种有效降低叶片真菌病害提供数据参考。

Predicting the occurrence pattern of plant diseases in natural ecosystems is of great practical importance.Different plant species harbor different plant pathogens,and consequently,different incidences and severity of fungal diseases.Previous studies have confirmed that both temperature and precipitation can significantly affect plant diseases.However,whether differences in disease among plant species from different origins grown in the same environment are also influenced by the climate of the origins is still poorly understood.In this study,12 Caragana species collected from a 3300 km transect from the east to the west China were used as the focal species.In a common garden experiment,foliar fungal pathogens were identified that caused foliar fungal diseases in the same environment and the incidence,severity,and colony diameters of foliar fungal diseases of the 12 Caragana species were quantified.Moreover,the mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation in the origins were used to analyze the sources of variation in foliar fungal disease incidence,severity,and colony diameter in different Caragana species.It was found that neither the mean annual temperature nor the mean annual precipitation of the origins significantly influenced the incidence of foliar fungal diseases in the 12 Caragana species(P>0.05).The severity of the foliar fungal disease decreased significantly with mean annual precipitation of the origins(P<0.01),and the foliar fungal colony diameter increased significantly with mean annual precipitation(P<0.05),whereas both the foliar fungal disease severity and colony diameter did not vary with mean annual temperature.In conclusion,this study shows that the climate factors of plant origins have a significant impact on plant diseases.This study can provide data support for effectively managing foliar fungal diseases when planting artificial vegetation and introducing garden plants.