中国式现代化视野下草原生态治理的对策初探

Preliminary exploration of countermeasures on the Grassland Ecological Governance from the Perspective of Chinese path to modernization

草原生态治理是中国式现代化的重要命题之一,我国草原生态治理已取得了突破,但还面临草原承包权改革引发的分散化治理难题、草原有害生物的危害、草原生态环境损害行为追责难等诸多挑战。这既有历史原因,也有发展中的新问题,又有社会思想理念变迁、现实制度设计等原因。草原治理目标责任的偏差、统筹协调能力的不足、草原治理空心化等问题均妨碍了草原生态保护修复工作的开展,弱化了生态治理的成效。本文对当前中国草原生态治理中存在的问题进行了剖析,提出了确立系统治理和综合治理模式、优化多元主体协同治理的目标责任体系、完善草原生态治理法规体系建设、加强草原精细化管理,以及加大牧区经济投入、培育新兴草原生态经济等对策,为协同推动草原生态治理、健全山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理机制提供了参考。

Grassland ecological governance is an important proposition in the Chinese path to modernization,and significant progress has been made in grassland ecological governance,which also faces many challenges.For example,the problem of decentralized governance is caused by the reform of grassland contracting rights,the severe situation of harmful grassland organisms,and accountability for grassland ecological environment damage.The causes of these challenges include factors accumulated throughout history,new issues in development,changes in social ideology,and the influence of institutional design.The deviation of responsibilities in grassland governance goals,insufficient coordination and coordination capabilities,and the hollowing out of grassland governance have hindered the implementation of grassland ecological protection and restoration work,weakening the effectiveness of ecological governance.In this study,the existing problems in grassland ecological management in China were analyzed.The establishment of systematic and comprehensive management modes,optimization of the target responsibility system for multi-subject coordinated management,improvement in constructing the legal system of grassland ecological management,enhancement of the fine management of grassland,and measures for increasing economic investment in pastoral areas,along with cultivating an emerging grassland eco-economy,were proposed.This study provides a reference for promoting grassland eco-governance,perfecting the integrated protection of mountains,rivers,forests,lakes,grass,and sand,as well as systematic governance mechanisms.