反诈视域下互联网服务提供者协同治理的制度逻辑及其实现

The Institutional Logic and Implementation of Collaborative Governance by Internet Service Providers from the Perspective of Anti-Fraud

网络黑灰产业链猖獗是电诈违法犯罪治理难的根源,互联网服务提供者有责任和义务协同治理电诈违法犯罪。从《中华人民共和国反电信网络诈骗法》立法及当前治理实践看,电诈违法犯罪协同治理的路径是通过立法明确电信、金融、互联网企业的法定义务及其法律责任,迫使互联网企业进行内部合规治理,以压缩电诈违法犯罪的空间,其制度逻辑表现为:“法律制裁压力—互联网企业合规治理—犯罪难度增加—犯罪回报减少—预防和减少电诈”。从执法数据上看,目前互联网服务提供者被行政处罚和追究刑事责任的数量明显与电诈违法犯罪的高发不相匹配。法律责任承担的落空,导致电诈协同治理的制度逻辑无法生效。互联网治理应当建立以“规则性监管”为原则的行政监管制度,出台反诈合规的国家标准或行业标准,强制开展反诈专项合规,同时建立电诈违法犯罪领域专门的行刑衔接机制,强化刑事打击。

The rampant existence of the online black and grey industrial chains is the root cause of the difficulty in combating fraud-related criminal offenses,making it imperative for internet service providers to bear the responsibility and obligation to collaborate in this fight.From the perspective of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Combating Telecom and Online Fraud and current governance practices,the path for collaborative governance of fraud-related criminal offenses involves clarifying through legislation the statutory obligations and legal responsibilities of telecommunications,financial,and internet enterprises,thereby compelling internet enterprises to conduct internal compliance governance to reduce the space for such criminal activities.The institutional logic behind this approach manifests as:"Legal sanction pressure-Internet enterprise compliance governance-Increased difficulty in committing crimes-Decreased crime rewards-Prevention and reduction of fraud."Based on law enforcement data,the number of internet service providers subjected to administrative penalties and criminal responsibilities is currently significantly mismatched with the high incidence of fraud-related criminal offenses.The failure to bear legal responsibilities has rendered the institutional logic of collaborative fraud governance ineffective.Internet governance should establish an administrative supervision system based on the principle of"rule-based regulation,"introduce national or industry standards for anti-fraud compliance,mandate special anti-fraud compliance initiatives,and simultaneously establish a dedicated mechanism for the coordination between administrative and criminal law enforcement in the field of fraud-related criminal offenses to enhance criminal crackdown.