Moving bed biofilm reactor for Pimelodus maculatus reared in RAS:Start-up maturation,bioreactor microbiome and nitrogen removal

Moving bed biofilm reactors(MBBR)are equipment used to remove organic compounds and are frequently tested for aquaculture operations aimed at treating and reusing water.However,a limitation of MBBR is the long maturation period necessary for nitrification to occur efficiently.We evaluated biofilm maturation in MBBR with biomass adhered to support material using enriched medium-NH_(4)Cl and a treatment without enrichment.Two independent recirculating aquaculture systems were established based on a freshwater fish farm that produced a daily total ammonia nitrogen concentration of 1.0 mg/L.Each treatment was composed of a reservoir and two experimental bioreactors that received support materials for the colonization of the adhered biomass.The results indicated that the enriched bioreactors performed slower,taking 29 days to reach maturity,while the control treatment matured at 27 days.The species Candidatus Nitrospira defluvii,responsible for acting in the nitrification process became more abundant in the control treatment where it represented 23%of the biofilm composition,while the enriched treatment presented only 3%.The results suggest that the nitrification process in the control treatment performed better than in the enriched bioreactors.However,the use of synthetic media such as NH_(4)Cl and sodium acetate as sources of C:N associated with the Pimelodus maculatus effluent during the start-up process had an important benefit to the maturation time of both bioreactors.