学龄前儿童气质与身体活动的关系:身体活动养育实践的中介作用

Relationship between Preschoolers’Temperament and Physical Activity:Mediating Role of Physical Activity Parenting Practices

目的:探索学龄前儿童气质和身体活动之间的关系,以及身体活动养育实践在二者中的中介作用。方法:以247名学龄前儿童(男117名,女130名)为被试,使用三轴加速度传感器测量身体活动水平,儿童行为问卷和中国香港学龄前儿童身体活动养育实践量表测评气质和身体活动养育实践,使用差异分析、相关分析和中介作用分析等探究三者之间的关联。结果:1)男童腾动性与LPA(r=0.25,P<0.01)、MVPA(r=0.41,P<0.01)、TPA(r=0.35,P<0.01)均显著正相关,女童负向情感与LPA显著负相关(r=-0.18,P<0.05);2)男童鼓励与LPA(r=0.32,P<0.01)、TPA(r=0.31,P<0.01)显著正相关,抑制相反与LPA(r=-0.22,P<0.05)、TPA(r=-0.20,P<0.05)显著负相关;3)男童负向情感与鼓励显著负相关(r=-0.31,P<0.01),与抑制显著正相关(r=0.26,P<0.01),女童负向情感与抑制显著正相关(r=0.26,P<0.01),男童(r=0.34,P<0.01)和女童(r=0.41,P<0.01)的主动控制均与鼓励显著正相关;4)鼓励在男童腾动性与LPA、TPA关系中起部分中介作用,在男童主动控制、负向情感与LPA、TPA的关系中起完全中介作用。结论:幼儿气质和身体活动水平具有一定关联,其中身体活动养育实践——鼓励,在男童中发挥重要作用,未来在身体活动水平促进中要大力挖掘科学的身体活动养育实践措施。

Objective:To explore the relationship between preschool Children’s temperament and physical activity,with a focus on the mediating role of Physical Activity Parenting Practices(PAPP).Methods:The sample consisted of 247 preschool children(117 boys and 130 girls).Physical activity levels were objectively measured using a triaxial accelerometer.Temperament was assessed using the children’s behavior questionnaire(CBQ),and PAPP was evaluated using the physical activity parenting practices for preschoolers Hong Kong of China(PAPP-HK)scales.The associations between temperament,physical activity,and PAPP were analyzed using variance analysis,correlation,and mediation techniques.Results:1)Boys’tentativeness was significantly positively correlated with light physical activity(LPA)(r=0.25,P<0.01),moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)(r=0.41,P<0.01),and total physical activity(TPA)(r=0.35,P<0.01).In contrast,girls’negative affect was significantly negatively correlated with LPA(r=-0.18,P<0.05).2)Boys’encouragement was significantly positively correlated with LPA(r=0.32,P<0.01)and TPA(r=0.31,P<0.01),whereas inhibition was significantly negatively correlated with LPA(r=-0.22,P<0.05)and TPA(r=-0.20,P<0.05).3)Negative affect and encouragement were significantly negatively correlated in boys(r=-0.31,P<0.01),while inhibition was significantly positively correlated(r=0.26,P<0.01).In girls,negative affect and inhibition were also significantly positively correlated(r=0.26,P<0.01).Active control was significantly positively correlated with encouragement in both boys(r=0.34,P<0.01)and girls(r=0.41,P<0.01).4)Encouragement partially mediated the relationship between tentativeness and LPA,TPA,and active control in boys.Negative affect fully mediated the relationship between LPA and TPA.Conclusions:The temperament and physical activity levels of young children are interrelated,with physical activity parenting practices—specifically encouragement—playing a crucial role in boys.Future efforts to promote physical activity should focus on scientifically informed measures of physical activity parenting practices.