矿物的改性方法及其去除重金属的研究进展

Research progress on mineral modification methods and their removal of heavy metals

粘土矿物是土壤的重要组成成分,由于其资源种类丰富、储量大、价格低廉,被广泛用作重金属稳定化材料,但是天然矿物作为吸附剂存在吸附容量小、选择性差等缺点,对矿物进行改性可提高其吸附性能。综述了近年来粘土矿物的各种改性方法(包括热改性、无机改性和有机改性等)及改性材料在废水和污染土壤中对不同重金属的应用研究情况,最后指出了改性矿物材料在重金属处理中可能存在的问题,旨在为开发新型、高效的矿物复合材料提供参考。

Clay minerals are important components of soil.Due to their abundant resources,large reserves,and low prices,they are widely used as heavy metal stabilization materials.However,natural minerals as adsorbents have disadvantages such as low adsorption capacity and poor selectivity.Modifying minerals can improve their adsorption performance.This paper reviewed various modification methods of clay minerals in recent years(including thermal modification,inorganic modification,and organic modification,etc.)and the application of modified materials to different heavy metals in wastewater and polluted soil.Finally,the possible problems of modified mineral materials in heavy metal treatment were pointed out,aiming to provide reference for the development of new and efficient mineral composite materials.