碳材料作为锂硫电池硫正极基质研究进展

Research progress of carbon material as sulfur cathode substrate for lithium-sulfur batteries

在过去30年,锂离子电池彻底改变了便携式电子产品,并于2019年获得了诺贝尔化学奖。目前,锂离子电池的能量密度已接近极限,因此开发超越锂离子化学的新电池技术对下一代高能量存储具有重要意义。锂硫电池依赖于锂和硫之间的可逆氧化还原反应。与现有的锂离子电池相比,因其具有压倒性的能量密度,它似乎是一种可以取代传统锂离子电池的下一代储能系统。近60年,特别是近10年来,锂硫电池在学术和商业上都取得了重大进展。自20世纪60年代首次提出硫正极的概念,到目前用于无人机的商用锂硫电池,它的故事充满了突破和回溯。从碳基硫正极基质设计方面总结了锂硫电池的发展与进步。

Lithium-ion batteries have revolutionized portable electronics over the past three decades and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2019.The current energy density of lithium-ion batteries is approaching its limit,so the development of new battery technologies that go beyond lithium-ion chemistry is of great significance for the next generation of high-energy storage.Lithium-sulfur batteries rely on a reversible redox reaction between lithium and sulfur.Because of its overwhelming energy density compared to existing lithium-ion batteries,it seems to be a next-generation energy storage system that can replace traditional lithium-ion batteries.In the last 60 years,especially in the last 10 years,lithium-sulfur batteries have made significant progress both academically and commercially.From the concept of a sulfur cathode first proposed in the 1960s to the commercial lithium-sulfur batteries currently used in unmanned aircraft,its story is full of breakthroughs and backtracking.In this paper,the development and progress of lithium-sulfur batteries were summarized from the design of carbon-based sulfur cathode substrate.