硅纳米线在锂离子电池超高能量密度阳极中的应用研究进展

Research progress on the application of silicon nanowires in ultra-high energy density anode for lithium-ion battery

硅纳米线(SiNWs)阳极的理论容量高达4200mAh/g,作为锂离子电池(LiBs)超高能量密度阳极的理想材料,是LiBs阳极材料近15年的热点研究对象之一。综述了2008年至2022年SiNWs在LiBs中作为阳极的发展历程,探讨了多种SiNWs阳极材料的合成方法、设计结构、电化学性能及其理论发展等。合成方法包括化学气相沉积、化学刻蚀、磁控溅射、双金属刻蚀法等。在结构设计上,从一维的线性结构到二维的薄、轻、柔的薄膜结构,再到近几年的三维复合多孔以及网状织物结构。在电化学性能提升方面,发现使用涂层或掺杂能有效地提高库仑效率,固体电解质界面(SEI)层的不稳定可以采用预锂化来缓解,从而有效地解决SiNWs阳极面临的循环粉碎、SEI层的不稳定、库仑效率低等挑战。

The theoretical capacity of silicon nanowires(SiNWs)anode reaches up to 4200 mAh/g,making it an ideal material for ultra-high energy density anodes in lithium-ion batteries(LiBs).Over the past fifteen years,SiNWs have been a prominent research focus in the field of LiB anode materials.This paper provided a comprehensive overview of the development of SiNWs as anodes in LiBs from 2008 to 2022,covering synthetic methods,design structures,electrochemical performance,and theoretical advancements of various SiNWs anode materials.The synthetic methods encompassed chemical vapor deposition,chemical etching,magnetron sputtering,bimetallic etching,among others.In terms of structural design,it evolved from one-dimensional linear structures to two-dimensional thin and lightweight film structures,and in recent years,to three-dimensional composite porous and reticulated fabric structures.To enhance electrochemical performance,coatings or doping could effectively improve Coulombic efficiency while pre-lithiation could mitigate SEI layer instability,thus effectively addressing challenges such as cyclic crushing and low Coulombic efficiency associated with SiNWs as LiB anodes.