笛卡尔基于“我思”的道德哲学探究

Descartes'Moral Philosophy based on“I Think”

笛卡尔的道德哲学是他的整个科学知识之树的顶端,是最高等级的智慧,需要进行深入的理论思考和探究。虽然笛卡尔没有形成系统完整的伦理学专著,但从他散见的伦理表达中也能窥探到从“我思”出发,将人看作灵魂和身体的统一体,在突出理性能力的同时,也重视经验在道德实践中的作用,使形而上学、认识论和伦理学形成一个整体的逻辑链条。在第一哲学中,凭借理性就能够得到“我思”这个确定无疑的观念,但在道德哲学领域,无法仅凭抽象的思辨得到确定无疑的准则,需要理性和经验共同发挥作用。对此,笛卡尔设立了临时行为准则作为过渡,使人们能够获得和领悟道德领域的真理性认识,为人们追求自由、获得幸福,提供充分的道德根据。

Descartes'moral philosophy is the top of his whole tree of scientific knowledge,the highest level of wisdom,which requires deep theoretical thinking and inquiry.Although Descartes did not form a systematic and complete monograph on ethics,it can be seen from his scattered ethical expression that starting from“cogito”,man is regarded as the unity of soul and body.While highlighting rational ability,Descartes also attaches importance to the role of experience in moral practice,so that metaphysics,epistemology and ethics form a whole logical chain.In the first philosophy,we can get the definite idea of“cogito”by virtue of reason,but in the field of moral philosophy,we cannot get the definite criterion by abstract speculation alone,and need reason and experience to play a role together.In this regard,Descartes set up a temporary code of conduct as a transition,so that people can obtain and comprehend the truth knowledge in the moral field,and provide sufficient moral basis for people to pursue freedom and obtain happiness.