父母情感温暖理解对大学新生人际适应的影响:共情能力的中介作用

Parental emotional warmth and understanding on interpersonal adjustment of freshmen:the mediating role of empathy

目的研究父母情感温暖理解、人际适应、共情能力三者之间的关系,探讨共情能力是否在父母情感温暖理解与大学新生人际适应中起中介作用,为促进大学新生更好适应大学生活提供理论依据。方法采用父母情感温暖理解量表、人际反应指针量表和人际适应量表对江苏省4所高校700名大学新生进行测量,对数据进行相关分析以及中介效应检验。结果父母情感温暖理解、个体的共情能力与人际适应两两呈正相关(r=0.106,P<0.01,r=0.119,P<0.01,r=0.155,P<0.01,r=0.144,P<0.01,r=0.160,P<0.01)。中介检验分析显示,父亲、母亲情感温暖理解能够正向预测共情能力(β父=0.108,P父<0.01;β母=0.125,P母<0.01)和大学新生人际适应(β父=0.157,P父<0.001;β母=0.145,P母<0.001),共情能力能够正向预测大学新生人际适应(β父=0.142,P父<0.001;β母=0.127,P母<0.001),共情能力在父亲、母亲情感温暖理解对大学新生人际适应的影响中均起到部分中介作用(间接效应量分别为0.015、0.018)。结论父亲、母情感温暖理解通过影响大学新生的共情能力进而影响其人际适应。

Objective To study the relationship between parental emotional warmth and understanding,interpersonal adaptation,and empathy,and to explore whether empathy plays a mediating role in parental emotional warmth and understanding and interpersonal adaptation of college freshmen,so as to provide a new theoretical basis for them to better adapt to college life.Methods A survey was carried out in 700 college freshmen from four colleges and universities in Jiangsu Province with questionnaires,including the Parental Emotional Warmth Understanding Scale,the Interpersonal Response Pointer Scale,and the Interpersonal Adaptation Scale.The data were subjected to correlation analyses as well as mediation effect tests.Results Pearson correlation analysis showed that parental emotional warmth and understanding,individual empathy and interpersonal adjustment were positively correlated(r=0.106,P<0.01,r=0.119,P<0.01,r=0.155,P<0.01,r=0.144,P<0.01,r=0.160,P<0.01).Mediation test analyses showed that both paternal and maternal emotional warmth and understanding positively predicted the ability of empathy(βf=0.108,P f<0.01;βm=0.125,P m<0.01)and it also positively predicted interpersonal adjustment of college freshmen(βf=0.157,P f<0.001;βm=0.145,P m<0.001).The ability of empathy positively predicted interpersonal adjustment of college freshmen(βf=0.142,P f<0.001;βm=0.127,P m<0.001).The ability of empathy played a partial mediating role in the effects of paternal and maternal emotional warmth and understanding on interpersonal adjustment of college freshmen,and the indirect effect sizes were 0.015 and 0.018,respectively.Conclusion Paternal and maternal emotional warmth and understanding influences college freshmen's empathy and in turn influences their interpersonal adjustment.