知识翻译谱系学视域下“脉”的源流考察

Translation of mai(脉) from the perspective of transknowletological genealogy

知识翻译谱系学为中西医学术语体系的跨语言建构提供了研究视角和路径。近代西医学在华翻译和传播的源头是解剖学。从第一部汉译解剖学著作《泰西人身说概》伊始,传教士在翻译时大量借用中医术语以便于中国人接受。随着西医学成为主流医学,这种翻译借鉴最终形成“袭取”之势,导致中医学固有的术语内涵被扭曲,中医学原有知识体系逐渐被消解,迫使现代中医走向艰难的知识体系重构之路。本文以西医学汉译教材中“脉”的翻译谱系为研究对象,管窥近代西医汉译对中医术语体系的解构过程;继而通过分析中医英文教材和国际术语标准中“脉”的英译,探索中医跨语言术语知识重构的困境和路径,兼论知识翻译谱系学理论建构。

Transknowletological genealogy provides a research perspective and pathway for the cross-linguistic construction of the terminology system in traditional Chinese and Western medicine.The beginning of the translation and dissemination of modern Western medicine in China can be traced back to anatomy.Starting from the first Chinese translation of Tai Xi Ren Shen Shuo Gai(《泰西人身说概》)Preliminary Introductionon Anatomy ies extensively borrowed Chinese medical terminology to facilitate acceptance by the Chinese audience.As Western medicine became the dominant global medical system,this translational borrowing eventually evolved into a trend of “appropriation”,leading to the distortion of the inherent connotations of traditional Chinese medical terms and the gradual erosion of the original knowledge system of traditional Chinese medicine.This forced modern Chinese medicine onto a challenging path of knowledge system reconstruction.This paper focuses on the translation genealogy of mai(脉) in Chinese translations of Western medical teaching materials,offering a glimpse into the process of deconstructing the traditional Chinese medical terminology system.It then explores the dilemma and pathways of cross-linguistic terminology knowledge reconstruction in traditional Chinese medicine by analyzing the English translations of mai(脉) in Chinese medical textbooks and international terminology standards,while also discussing the theoretical construction of transknowletological genealogy.