基于射流式采砂船的海砂开采施工工艺

Construction technology of sea sand mining by jet sand mining vessel

随着内陆河砂资源的逐渐枯竭和限采,供砂远不能满足市场建筑用砂的需求,供需矛盾越来越严重,海砂资源作为河砂的替代品逐渐成为趋势。海砂开采施工是海砂资源开发利用的重要阶段和步骤,射流式采砂运用真空吸送技术,将海砂开采、输送至采砂船洗砂后再转运至卸砂区,具有水下开挖深度大、产量高的特点。文章基于射流式采砂船的施工工艺流程,对射流泵吸砂工作的水力学原理、洗砂分选、溢流管尾矿排放工艺等全过程进行了详细分析。研究成果为我国海砂资源开发利用提供了实际工程经验,也可为后续射流式采砂施工工艺形成相关规范提供借鉴。

With the gradual depletion and limited mining of inland river sand resources,the supply of sand is far from meeting the demand for construction sand in the market,and the supply-demand contradiction is becoming increasingly serious.Sea sand resources as a substitute for river sand are gradually becoming a trend.The construction of sea sand mining is an important stage and step in the development and utilization of sea sand resources.Jet sand mining uses vacuum suction technology to mine and transport sea sand to the sand mining vessel for sand washing before being transported to the unloading area.It has the characteristics of a large underwater excavation depth and a high yield.Based on the construction process of a jet sand mining vessel,the hydraulic principle,sand washing and sorting,and overflow pipe tailings discharge process of the jet pump sand suction were analyzed in detail.The research results provide practical engineering experience for the development and utilization of sea sand resources in China,and can also provide reference for the formation of relevant specifications for subsequent jet sand mining construction technology.