中国非遗研究20年:成就、焦点、贡献与问题——以“非物质文化遗产学术精粹”丛书为主要案例

ICH Studies in China in the Past Two Decades:Achievements,Focuses,Contributions and Problems:Taking Essential Collections on ICH Studies Series as the Primary Case

自非遗概念正式进入中国社会和学界视野以来的二十多年里,学者们的研究已几乎涵盖所有的非遗领域,体现出以“保护实践”为出发点的特殊性,形成了多学科共同参与的“非遗学术共同体”。整体言之,这些探讨主要涉及五大方面的话题:对非遗保护工程的缘起、意义、机制及相关政策法规的厘清和本土化阐释;对非遗保护对象及其传承规律的研讨;对保护主体的深究;对非遗资源转化发展的探索;对非遗语境下学科建设的省思。这些研究不仅为中国非遗保护工作提供了基础性装备、前行的路径与方法,以及规避风险、减少失误的警示器,也为在全球性框架中理解非遗保护在不同缔约国中的实践与意义,提供了重要而特殊的视角。不过其中也存在深度研究缺乏、研究不均衡以及分类体系相抵牾等问题,亟待未来予以修正和改进。

Taking Essential Collections on ICH Studies Series as the primary case,this paper examines the major achievements,research focuses,theoretical contributions,and existing problems in China's intangible cultural heritage(ICH)studies in the past two decades(2001-2024).Nowadays,the ICH studies have extensively covered almost all ICH domains,forming a multidisciplinary“academic community of ICH,”reflecting the characteristics of serving the safeguarding practices and integrating academic scholarship with public sector work.The intensively discussed topics mainly focus on the following five aspects:interpreting and localizing the origins,significance,mechanisms,and related policies and regulations of safeguarding ICH projects;exploring the objects of ICH protection and their transmission laws;investigating the subjects responsible for safeguarding ICH;probing into the transformation and development of ICH as resources;and reflecting on the disciplinary constructions within the context of ICH safeguarding.The research contributions provide not only basic equipment for China's safeguarding movement,paths and methods to move forward,and warning devices to avoid risks and minimize mistakes,but also important perspectives to understand the specific significance and practices in a certain State Party within the global ICH framework.However,there are also problems such as lack of in-depth research,imbalanced studies,and contradictions in the local and global classification systems,which need to be revised and improved in the future.