“民俗”的体系化与“民俗学”的体系化——对中国民俗学教科书的结构分析

Systematization of Folklore Items and Systematization of Folklore Studies:A Structural Analysis of Chinese Folklore Textbooks

中国民俗学专业的教科书,对于塑造中国社会有关民俗文化的常识具有重要意义,同时它也对民俗学作为一门学科的知识予以体系化,从而反映中国民俗学的基本面貌。在对近现代以来中国民俗学史上教科书的发展轨迹进行初步梳理,并对较具影响力的民俗学教科书进行简要述评的基础上,进一步就现有民俗学教科书的基本内容展开必要的结构分析,即可发现在大部分民俗学教科书中,有关民俗事象的分类均占据了相对较大的篇幅,而有关“民俗学”的学科建设与理论、学说及方法的体系化方面,则显得相对较为薄弱。因此,今后新编民俗学教科书,除了需要提高民俗事象的分类及体系化的学术水平,更应该大幅度地强化有关“民俗学”体系化的相关内容。

Textbooks specializing in Chinese folklore are of great importance in shaping the“common sense”of Chinese society with regard to folk culture.At the same time,they also systematize the knowledge of folklore as a discipline,thus reflecting the basic outlook of Chinese folklore.This paper provides a preliminary overview of the trajectory of how the history of Chinese folklore has developed since modern times,as well as a brief review of the more influential folklore textbooks.Based on this,this paper further analyzes the basic content of existing folklore textbooks and finds that in most folklore textbooks,the classification of folklore items occupies a relatively large part of the textbooks,while the construction of the discipline of folklore and the systematization of theories,doctrines,and methods are relatively weak.The authors believe that new folklore textbooks in the future,in addition to improving the academic level of classification and systematization of folklore items,should significantly strengthen their content related to the systematization of Folklore Studies.