内蒙古自治区农村污水治理现状及建议

PRESENT SITUATION AND SUGGESTION OF RURAL SEWAGE TREATMENT IN INNER MONGOLIA AUTONOMOUS REGION

内蒙古自治区是我国北疆重要生态安全屏障,研究该地区农村污水治理效果有利于帮助保障区域生态安全、推进和美乡村建设。对内蒙古自治区585个农村开展污水治理情况调研,并结合调研结果分析了内蒙古自治区西部区、中部区和东部区的农村污水产排特征(人均排水量、排水系数和污水水质情况)和5种污水治理方式(依托改厕进行污水资源化利用、纳入城镇管网、建设集中式污水处理设施、建设分散式污水处理设施和拉运处理)的应用现状(处理规模、工艺类型和出水去向),并在此基础上对内蒙古自治区农村污水处理提出了以下建议:科学评估现有治理方式的短期治理效果和长期综合效益;有效降低冬季低温和排水不连续对污水处理设施运行效果的影响;合理解决资金缺口和运维技术力量不足带来的处理设施运行难题。

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is an important ecological security barrier in China’s northern border region.Research on the effect of rural sewage treatment in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region will help ensure regional ecological security and promote the construction of harmonious and beautiful villages.This study surveyed sewage treatment in 585 villages in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and analyzed the characteristics of rural sewage production and discharge(including per capita displacement,drainage coefficient,and sewage quality),and the current situation(including treatment scale,process type,and effluent destination)of five sewage treatment methods(including sewage resource utilization relying on toilet conversion,integration into urban sewers,construction of centralized sewage treatment facilities,construction of decentralized sewage treatment facilities,and transport-treatment)in the western,central and eastern regions of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.On this basis,three suggestions were put forward to scientifically evaluate the short-term treatment effect and long-term comprehensive benefit of the existing treatment methods,effectively reduce the impact of low temperature in winter and discontinuous drainage on the operation effect of sewage treatment facilities,and reasonably solve the treatment facilities operation problems caused by the shortage of funds and technical strength of operation and maintenance.