从教养教育到素养教育:图书馆社会教育功能的形成与演变

From Cultivation Education to Literacy Education:The Formation and Evolution of the Social Education Function of Libraries

开展社会教育,一向被认为是公共图书馆的基本功能之一。公共图书馆是开展社会教育活动的公共文化设施。本文首先考察会员图书馆产生和卡内基捐建图书馆的史实,证明公共图书馆是民众进行自我教育需要的产物,其实是民众接受社会教育需要的产物,这是公共图书馆社会教育功能形成的历史基础。其次,分析公共图书馆的社会教育功能的演变过程,论述图书馆的社会教育功能从教养教育为主到自由教育为主再到素养教育为主的演变过程,认为信息素养和数字素养教育是当今图书馆社会教育功能的新生长点。

Social education has always been considered as a core function of public libraries.As public cultural institutions,libraries play a pivotal role in promoting social education.This article first examines the historical development of subscription libraries and Carnegie’s philanthropic efforts in library construction,illustrating that public libraries emerged in response to the public’s demand for selfeducation and,more broadly,social education.This laid the historical foundation for the social education role of public libraries.It then analyzes the evolution of this function from the initial focus on cultivation education to liberal education,and ultimately,to literacy education.The authors argue that information literacy and digital literacy education are the new growth areas in the social education mission of libraries today.