国土空间规划中农业空间用地分类体系研究

Land use classification system of agricultural space in territorial planning

当前农业空间用地分类理论与方法的研究严重滞后于国土空间规划实践需求。本文在与《国土空间调查、规划、用途管制用地用海分类指南》充分衔接的基础上,通过重构分类框架、划归一级类、完善二级类、细化三级类的“正推”逻辑,形成了科学系统、适用可行、全域覆盖的农业空间用地分类体系,概括为:(1)农业空间用地分类框架根据主导功能分为农村建设用地、农业生产用地和农村生态用地;(2)在原有一级类基础上,经筛选、合并、拆分,共得到14种农业空间用地一级类;(3)在原有二级类基础上,经直接或间接转化,并将农业生产用地按土地利用功能分类标准划分为生产型、生态型、融合型,共得到85种农业空间用地二级类;(4)在原有三级类基础上,根据农村建设用地、农业生产用地和农村生态用地的不同特点,对部分有精细化管控需求的农业空间用地三级类进行补充细分。该用地分类体系细致地反映了农业空间复杂多样的土地利用实际,能够满足国土空间规划对用地图斑精细化布局与管控的需要,为合理配置农业空间要素、优化农业空间土地利用布局、促进农业空间高质量发展提供科学基础。

The research on land classification within agricultural space significantly falls short of meeting the practical requirements of territorial planning.Drawing upon the land use classes outlined in the"Guideline for Land Use Classification of Land Survey,Planning,and Use Control"provided by the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China,this study follows a logical sequence of restructuring the classification framework and then categorizing land use classes into first,second,and third levels.Consequently,a three-level land classification system for agricultural space was developed,aligning with the guideline.This system can be summarized as follows.Initially,the land use classes within agricultural space are divided into rural construction land,agricultural production land,and rural ecological land based on their primary functions.Subsequently,14 first-level land use classes were identified through the selection,merging,and splitting of the guideline's original classes.Additionally,85 second-level land use classes were also directly or indirectly transformed from the guideline's original classes.Notably,the agricultural production land was classified into productive,ecological,and integrated types based on their land use functions.Lastly,distinct characteristics of the rural construction land,the agricultural production land,and the rural ecological land led to the further subdivision of some second-level land use classes into third-level classes to meet the refined requirements for land use control.This new land classification system provides a detailed reflection of the intricate and varied land use practices within agricultural space,thereby satisfying the need for precise land use allocation and control in territorial planning.Furthermore,it offers a scientific foundation for the allocation of agricultural spatial elements,optimization of agricultural spatial land use layout,and the promotion of high-quality development within agricultural space.