面向宜机化整治的丘陵山区耕地生态安全预测与提升路径研究--以重庆市典型地区为例

Research on ecological security prediction and improvement paths of cultivated land in hilly and mountainous areas facing the land consolidation suitable for agricultural mechanization:A case study of typical areas in Chongqing city

对丘陵山区耕地实施机械化整治,是提升土地质量、增强农业生产效率及推动农业向高质量发展阶段迈进的关键策略。选取重庆市为研究区,基于径向基函数模型,从耕地生态系统外源干扰胁迫和内源恢复状态角度,测算并预测宜机化整治工程实施前后耕地生态安全水平时空变化特征,识别并诊断其主导障碍因子,进而针对性地提出面向宜机化整治的耕地生态安全提升路径。结果表明:(1)2010—2020年研究区耕地生态安全水平呈现出先下降后上升的“U”型变化趋势,空间上呈现显著的“东高西低”分布格局。(2)预测2021—2025年耕地生态安全水平呈缓慢上升趋势,由0.53增长至0.54,耕地宜机化整治工程的生态正向效应正在逐步显现。(3)整治前期,坡度、景观格局指数等耕地自身生产和生态状态是主要限制因子;整治过程中,工程对地表植被的破坏性是影响耕地生态安全的重要原因;整治完成后,劳动力、农机总动力等农业生产要素配置失衡是降低耕地生态安全的主导因素。(4)未来应以“两山”理念为引领,推进基于生命周期的耕地整治生态建设,同时坚持因地制宜、分区施策等原则,设计实施差异化的宜机化整治耕地生态安全提升路径。研究结果将为落实丘陵山区“三位一体”的耕地保护要求和实现耕地利用生态文明提供科学参考。

Cultivated land consolidation suitable for agricultural mechanization is a crucial pathway to promote high-quality agricultural development in hilly and mountainous areas.Taking Chongqing city as the study area,this paper firstly establishes the evaluation index system of cultivated land ecological security level,and then calculates and predicts the spatiotemporal variations of cultivated land ecological security levels before and after the implementation of the cultivated land consolidation suitable for agricultural mechanization by using the radial basis function model.Finally,this paper identifies the dominant limiting factors,and subsequently proposes some improvement paths of cultivated land ecological security level in hilly and mountainous areas facing the land consolidation suitable for agricultural mechanization.The results show that:(1)From 2010 to 2020,the ecological security level of cultivated land in the study area exhibits a U-shaped trend with an initial decline followed by an increase.Spatially,it presents a significant distribution pattern of"high in the east and low in the west".(2)The prediction results show that there is a gradual upward trend of cultivated land ecological security level from 2021 to 2025,increasing from 0.53 to 0.54.(3)In the early stage of land consolidation,the dominant limiting factors include the internal production and ecological condition of cultivated land,such as slope and landscape pattern index.During the implementing process of land consolidation,the destructive impact of the land consolidation project on the surface vegetation is a dominant limiting factor affecting cultivated land ecological security.In the end stage of land consolidation,imbalanced allocation of agricultural production factors,such as labor and total agricultural machinery power,becomes the dominant limiting factors for cultivated land ecological security.Guided by the concept of"Two Mountains",we should improve the eco-construction of cultivated land based on the life cycle of land consolidation,and adopt some region-specific strategies.The paper can provide the scientific references for implementing the"Three Integrations"requirements for cultivated land protection as well as realizing ecological civilization of cultivated land utilization in hilly and mountainous areas.