毛泽东与曲

Mao Ze-dong and Qu Verse

毛泽东与曲的关系宜悉心探讨。毛泽东一生喜欢读曲、谈曲、书曲、用曲、帮人改曲。他也写过曲,只是未公开发表。探讨毛泽东读曲的社会文化环境及曲类书籍资源,对曲的接触、研读、欣赏、谈论、手书、运用,帮人改曲及自己写曲的史实,不只会拓展我们对毛泽东喜爱包括曲在内的中国传统诗歌类作品的认识,更会加深我们对大诗人毛泽东的全面了解。1949年以前,毛泽东具体读过哪些曲类书籍,甚或创作过曲,很难见到材料细节。毛泽东读曲有文字记录的时间段,是在1949年中华人民共和国成立之后。毛泽东最早与人谈曲的记录是同刘英谈陈全的《叨叨令》,谈得较多的是《红楼梦》《西厢记》等中的曲。毛泽东善于用曲,把曲作为一种在读书时的深度思考、类比论证,与时局或人事有关联的文本,在特殊场合加以运用和发挥,使之起到说服他人、解决问题的作用。

Mao Ze-dong's relationship with Qu,a type of verse popular in the Yuan Dynasty,deserves careful exploration.Throughouthis life,Mao enjoyed reading Qu,discussing Qu,transcribing Qu,utilizing Qu,and helping others modify their Qu verses.He also wrote Qu verses,but they were not published.Exploring the social and cultural environment in which Mao Ze-dong read Qu,his resources of Qu books,and the historical facts of Mao Ze-dong's engaging with,studying,appreciating,discussing,transcribing,utilizing,and writing Qu,in addition to his helping others modify their Qu verses,not only broadens our understanding of Mao Ze-dong's fondness for traditional Chinese poetrywhichincludes Qu,but alsodeepensourcomprehension of MaoZe-dong asagreat poet in afuller way.Therearefewreferentialdetailsto demonstrate what Qu books Mao Ze-dong read or what Qu verses he even composed before the year of 1949.The first written records of Mao's reading Qu are from 1949,namely after the founding of the People's Republic of China.The earliest record of Mao Ze-dong's discussing Qu is that with Liu Ying about Chen Quan's"A Chattering Song",a metrical tune in Qu,and his most frequent discussions involve the Qu verses in The Dream of the Red Chamber and The Romance of the Western Chamber.Mao Ze-dong was good at utilizing Qu.He not only read Qu as a group of in-depth thinking and analogical argument,but also applied the verses to persuade others and solve problems in special occasions through metaphorically enriching the texts that were relevant to specific situations or persons.