社区生活圈视角下的上海大型居住社区社会融合特征研究

A Study of Large-scale Communities'Social Integration Characteristics from the Perspective of Community Living Circles

为落实国家保障房政策,上海自2001版总体规划开始制定大型保障性居住社区计划,并分批分期推进实施。时隔20余年,全市大居在规划建设、人口导入、社区治理方面积累了大量经验但也存在一定的不足。以基于居民日常活动的社区生活圈为分析单元,从外部和内部两个层次分析大型居住社区社会融合的状况:在大居外部,通过比较大居基地边界与大居生活圈边界的重合程度,发现多数大居基地与周边社区或村庄已发生了不同程度的融合,保障性住房的集中建设并没有形成完全封闭的孤岛;在大居内部,大居生活圈可以根据住房类型的混合程度分为4类,其中保障房与商品房混合型生活圈是主体部分,现阶段的社会融合也大多发生在这两类住房相邻之处。在促进社会融合的空间要素中,商业设施和教育设施起到了主要作用。

Since the 2001 Shanghai Comprehensive Plan,Shanghai has developed a program for building large-scale affordable communities in order to carry out the national affordable housing policy.Shanghai has gained a great lot of expertise in the planning and construction of affordable housing,population importation,and community governance over a period of more than 20 years,despite certain remaining problems.This study uses the community living circle—which is based on residents'everyday activities—as the analytical unit to examine the social integration characteristic of large-scale communities from both internal and exterior aspects.First,this study discovers that most large-scale community bases have been integrated with surrounding residential districts or villages by comparing the overlap between the boundaries of these communities and those of community living circles.This means that affordable housing within these large-scale communities has not formed a completely isolated island.Secondly,the community living circles within large-scale communities can be divided into four categories based on housing mix.The majority of these categories are represented by the community living circle,which consists of both affordable and commercial housing.Social integration primarily takes place between these two housing types.Additionally,commercial and educational facilities are essential for promoting social integration.