从“灾害主体”到“空间本体”:对我国城市安全理论的基本认识与韧性发展思考

From"Disaster Subject"to"Spatial Ontology":A Basic Understanding of China's Urban Safety Theory and Reflections on Resilience Development

随着城市灾害不确定性的增加,仅从灾害主体视角探索城市安全理论方法,不能体现城市空间在灾害生成过程中的作用。通过对现阶段以灾害为主体的城市安全理论方法的梳理,发现从灾害本体视角研究的逻辑重点是对灾害过程的研究,这对于应对明确类型灾害是一种典型的范式,具有较强的实用性,但难以应对不确定灾害。为此,提出从灾害承载体——城市空间本体视角探索城市安全理论与方法的途径,并结合实践分析论述了从“灾害主体”到“空间本体”的研究可行性和重点内容,展望了结合灾害全周期特性开展从空间本体进行研究的思考,以期为城市安全理论创新提供不同的观点和思路。

With the increase of urban disaster uncertainty,exploring urban safety theoretical approaches only from the perspective of disaster subjects cannot reflect the role of urban space in disaster generation.Through the basic cognition and sorting out of the current stage of disaster-oriented urban safety theoretical approaches,it is found that the logical focus of research from the disaster ontology perspective is the study of disaster processes,which is a typical paradigm for dealing with clear types of disasters and has a strong practicality,but it is insufficient when facing uncertain disasters.In this regard,the study proposes a way to explore urban safety theory and methodology from the perspective of disaster carrier—urban spatial ontology and analyzes the feasibility and focus of the research from"disaster subject"to"spatial ontology"in the context of practice.The paper also looks ahead to the research from spatial ontology in the context of the full-cycle characteristics of disasters,in order to provide different views and ideas for the innovation of urban safety theory.