随机需求下的集装箱码头定价博弈

Pricing Game of Container Terminals Under Stochastic Demand

文章主要研究需求随机情况下由一家集装箱码头和一家船公司组成的两阶段供应链中码头运营商的定价策略。首先,利用博弈论建立需求随机情况下码头和船公司各自的决策和期望利润模型,然后分析产能约束对最优装卸费和码头期望利润的影响,研究结果表明:码头装卸费不应高于船舶公司的装卸费,较低的装卸费能使供应链获得更多利润,码头运营商在遇到基础费率高且谈判能力较弱的船舶公司时,可以实现利润最大化。最后,通过数值算例证明了方法和结果的正确性,相关研究成果可为集装箱码头进行定价提供参考和借鉴。

This paper focuses on the pricing strategy of terminal operators in a two-stage supply chain consisting of a container terminal and a shipping company in the case of stochastic demand.Firstly,the game theory method is used to establish the respective decision-making and expected profit models of the terminal and the shipping company under the condition of stochastic demand,and then the impact of capacity constraints on the optimal handling cost and the expected profit of the terminal is analyzed.Research results show that terminal handling cost should not be higher than the opportunity handling cost of shipping companies,and lower handling cost can enable the supply chain to obtain more profits.When terminal operators face high base rates and weaker negotiation capabilities of shipping companies,they can achieve profit maximization.Finally,numerical examples are used to prove the correctness of the method and results,and the relevant research results can provide reference for container terminal pricing.