公众合供激励措施的类型、应用与挑战

Thetypology,Application and Challenges of Incentives for Citizen Coproduction

推动公众参与公共服务合供是提升公共服务效率和质量的必然要求。现有关于公众合供激励措施的研究较为碎片化,缺乏整合和系统的专门讨论,且欠缺中国本土研究。本文强调了公众的积极贡献和主动投入对公共服务结果的重要影响是合供的概念指向,基于合供与遵从的关系以及公众参与合供的动机,从激励方向(支持性措施-强制性措施)和动机导向(个体导向-关系导向)两个维度出发构建了一个公众合供激励措施的类型框架,并联系现实讨论了该框架中八种代表性激励措施的应用。有效的合供激励需要准确认识、选择与搭配激励措施,以谨慎应对目标群体异质性、公共服务情境、实施成本以及非意图影响等方面的挑战。本文所构建的类型框架有助于理解公众合供激励措施的灵活性和多重面向,所指出的挑战有助于为厘清激励措施效果的理论争论提供可能的调节变量,从而启发未来研究以更加开放和整合的视野深入探讨激励公众合供的有效路径。

Promoting citizen coproduction in public service provision is essential for enhancing the efficiency and quality of these services.Existing research on incentives for citizen coproduction is fragmented,lacks integrated and systematic discussions,and is deficient in localized studies within China.This paper highlights the importance of active public contribution and proactive involvement in public service outcomes,which are central to the concept of coproduction.Based on the relationship between coproduction and compliance,and the motivations for citizen participation,a typological framework for citizen coproduction incentives is constructed along two dimensions:incentive direction(supportive vs.coercive measures)and motivation orientation(individual-oriented vs.relationship-oriented).The application of eight representative incentives within this framework is discussed in relation to real-world scenarios.Effective citizen coproduction incentives require accurate recognition,selection,and combination of measures to address challenges such as target population heterogeneity,public service contexts,implementation costs,and unintended consequences.The typological framework presented in this paper helps understand the flexibility and multiple dimensions of citizen coproduction incentives.The identified challenges offer potential moderating variables for theoretical debates on the effects of incentive measures,thereby inspiring future research to explore effective pathways for stimulating citizen coproduction from a more open and integrated perspective.