社会企业法益构造论

Social Enterprise Legal Benefits Construction Theory

利益法学是从法学角度深入研究社会企业及其立法的有效理论工具。社会企业法益构造论的展开需要从“广谱系”视角认识社会企业。“广谱系”下的社会企业内含“经营性”与“社会性”两大元素并表现为不同的类型。基于社会企业组织与运营的实态,可以抽离出三种法益,即“经营性”元素转化而成的三类私益诉求、“社会性”元素转化而成的七类公益诉求以及政府在社会企业设立与运营过程中获享的各类利益诉求。各种类法益之间在客观上呈现出复杂的竞争(冲突)或促进(协助)关系,处置这些关系的规范构成社会企业立法的核心制度。我国应当遵循普适性与本土性相结合的原则,区分社会企业的不同类型,分别构建“营利性”、“非营利性”与“合作性”社会企业的相关核心制度。各类社会企业所承载的“社会公共利益”的界定应当在保持开放性的同时凸显其生存法益的本质。公益性国有企业应被界定为社会企业,并依据社会企业立法进行重构。

Jurisprudence Of Interests is an effective theoretical tool for in-depth study of social enterprises and their legislation from the perspective of law.The theoretical expansion of the legal benefit construction theory of social enterprises needs to understand social enterprises from the perspective of“wide spectrum”.The social enterprises under the“wide spectrum”contain two elements of“operational”and“social”and are expressed as different types.Based on the reality of the organization and operation of social enterprises,three types of legal benefits can be extracted,namely,three types of private interests transformed by“operational”elements,seven types of public welfare demands transformed by“social”elements,and several types of interests enjoyed by the government in the process of the establishment and operation of social enterprises.All kinds of legal benefits objectively present complex competition(conflict)or promotion(assistance)relationships,and the norms that deal with these relationships constitute the core system of social enterprise legislation.China should follow the principle of combining universality and locality,distinguish different types of social enterprises,and build the relevant core systems of“profit”,“non-profit”and“cooperative”social enterprises respectively.The definition of“social public interest”carried by all kinds of social enterprises should be open while highlighting the essence of their survival benefits.Public welfare state-owned enterprises should be defined as social enterprises and reconstructed in accordance with social enterprise legislation.