作为公法之债的行政事业性收费——以德国《联邦行政事业性收费法》为线索

Administrative Fee as Creditor-Debtor-Relationship in Public Law—Illustration of German Federal Fees and Expenses Act

行政事业性收费是德国公法债权-债务关系的一种类型。这种相互给付关系,基于公权力主体与个体所处的不同社会生产分工位置而产生。公权力主体提供的公共给付,以及其中包含的劳动与社会生产密不可分。这种客观联系要求收费所依托的、可作单独归属的公共给付按照生产的逻辑,不断细化、优化与专业化。德国法对行政事业性收费的规制遵循上述认知,强调行政事业性收费的本质是以行政专业化为导向的公法之债。如果将德国放在欧盟成员国与欧盟内部统一市场组成部分的位置上看待,这层公权力主体参加社会分工与经济生产的特征更加突出。

The administrative fee,a form of creditor-debtor relationship under public law in Germany,is a product of the mutual performance between the public sector and the individual.This relationship is rooted in the societal division of labor,where public services and their associated work are intertwined with the productive activities.German law,a steadfast and reliable guardian of this understanding,ensures the maintenance and fairness of this Relationship.This view of the administrative fee's role becomes even more pronounced when considering Germany as an EU state and a participant in the EU internal market.