风景园林美的生成机制——基于价值论美学的视角

Generation Mechanism of Landscape Architecture Aesthetics:Based on the Perspective of Axiological Aesthetics

采用历时梳理与共时比较结合的方法,深入概述国内外风景园林美学研究现状,反思当前风景园林美学理论研究的哲学基础问题。尝试运用价值论美学的哲学观点对风景园林美的生成机制进行分析阐释,从而突破囿于风景园林审美对象及其审美属性的研究现状,梳理风景园林审美主体、审美客体、审美活动的复杂关系。研究认为:风景园林美并非预先存在,而是风景园林客体的审美属性与主体的审美需要在风景园林审美活动中契合而生的一种价值。风景园林美的生成机制包含三个关键因素:风景园林美来源于风景园林的审美属性,取决于主体的审美需要和审美趣味,产生于人对风景园林审美的活动之中。旨在为解决当代风景园林美学中哲学基础、审美对象、生成机制的统一提供一种理论视角,为多元发展的风景园林学科提供一种审美阐释的思路。

Landscape architecture aesthetics is a fundamental theory about the values of the landscape architecture discipline based on a solid philosophical foundation.As the landscape architecture discipline becomes comprehensive and interdisciplinary,the research object and research content of landscape architecture aesthetics continue to be enriched.The philosophical viewpoints of axiological aesthetics are used to analyze and explain the generation mechanism of landscape architecture aesthetics by reflecting on the philosophical basis of current studies on landscape architecture aesthetics.This breaks through studies confined to the aesthetic objects of landscape architecture and their aesthetic attributes to construct a systematic theory of landscape architecture aesthetics from the perspective of globalization and explore new ideas and methods.Through the combination of diachronic organization and synchronic comparison,this study provides an in-depth overview of the current research on landscape architecture aesthetics at home and abroad and the problems in these studies.The systematic analysis of related literature reflects on the evolution of the theory of landscape architecture aesthetics and explores the evolution of its philosophical foundation from ontology and epistemology to axiology.In the process of constructing the generation mechanism of landscape architecture aesthetics,a logical method of"subject+object+activity"based on axiological aesthetics is constructed.This in-depth discussion of the subjective demand,objective attributes,and activity history in the process of landscape architecture aesthetics emphasizes that the interaction between subject and object in aesthetic activities is an important basis for understanding the generation of landscape architecture aesthetics.The results show that landscape architecture aesthetics is not pre-existing;rather,it is a value born from the objective aesthetic attributes of landscape architecture and the subjective aesthetic demand in the aesthetic activities.Its value elements mainly include the objective value attributes,subjective demand value,and aesthetic activity value.Specifically,the generation mechanism of landscape architecture aesthetics contains three key factors.First,landscape architecture aesthetics come from aesthetic attributes,including formal,expressive,and revelation attributes that can satisfy people's aesthetic demands and provide emotional experience and pleasure.Second,the generation of landscape architecture aesthetics depends on the subjective aesthetic demand,which is influenced by the era,region,and cultural background.The subjective aesthetic demand has the characteristics of hierarchy,commonality,and diversity.Third,landscape architecture aesthetics are generated in aesthetic activities.Aesthetic activities are a type of life experience and emotional value activity based on the subjective aesthetic demand,characterized by ultra-utilitarianism,subjectivity,purposiveness,and regularity.It is manifested from the diachronism of the aesthetic subject's psychological activity in four stages:forming aesthetic attitude,obtaining aesthetic feeling,conducting aesthetic experience,and realizing aesthetic transcendence,which reflects the aesthetic subject's initiative and creativity in aesthetic activities.This paper uses philosophical aesthetics to focus on the long-standing debate on the study of landscape architecture aesthetics from the object and proposes a theoretical framework based on axiological aesthetics,providing new perspectives and methods for studying landscape architecture aesthetics.The paper emphasizes that the generation of landscape architecture aesthetics is a dynamic and complex process involving the attributes of the aesthetic object,the demand of the aesthetic subject,and the development of aesthetic activities.Through the in-depth exploration of the generation mechanism of landscape architecture aesthetics,it aims to provide a theoretical perspective for solving the unity of philosophical foundation,aesthetic object,and generation mechanism in contemporary landscape architecture aesthetics,and to provide an aesthetic interpretation idea for the diversified development of the landscape architecture discipline.