广东省传统村落集中连片保护利用全过程导控体系探索

Exploration of the Whole Process Guidance and Control System for the Centralized and Continuous Protection and Utilization of Traditional Villages in Guangdong Province

随着我国传统村落的保护发展模式向区域性保护转变,亟待对历史文化资源丰富的广东省展开传统村落集中连片保护利用资源分析与发展建议。利用GIS空间分析、指针评估、实证分析的方法,明确了申报前进行广东传统村落及其基础资源摸查与预申报,规划时依据传统村落集中连片保护利用导则制定保护规划,实施后定期开展实施效果监测进行反馈调节的三阶段引导,探索构建广东省传统村落集中连片保护利用全过程导控体系,并以梅县区为例进行实证分析,以期为优化现有传统村落集中连片保护利用工作的系统性与持续性指导提供参考。

As the protection and development mode of urban-rural settlements in China has expanded from point excavation to regional planar protection,experts and scholars have carried out a variety of theoretical and practical explorations on the centralized and continuous protection and utilization of traditional villages.Existing studies mostly start from the multiscale perspective of county-village and focus on the in-depth research of the concept of centralized and continuous protection in the county,as well as the formulation and practice of strategies.However,they pay little attention to the organization of resources at the provincial level prior to the declaration and the effect assessment after the implementation.Specifically,there is a lack of research from the perspective of the whole declaration,planning,and monitoring process from the provincial to the county level.Relevant studies on Guangdong Province are lagging,and the work results are not remarkable.Therefore,there is an urgent need to analyze the resources and develop proposals for the centralized and continuous protection and utilization of traditional villages in Guangdong Province,which is rich in historical and cultural resources.Further,exploring the construction of a whole process guidance and control system for the centralized and continuous protection and utilization of traditional villages in Guangdong Province will provide scientific,systematic and continuous guidance for optimizing the existing work.First,a whole process of guidance and control system for the centralized and continuous protection and utilization of traditional villages in Guangdong Province is constructed to clarify the direction of guidance and control and related guidelines.The system is designed to direct the provincial and county authorities with various guidance and control methods to check the resource base of traditional villages before declaration.It helps to prepare the planning based on the target guidelines for centralized and continuous protection and utilization,and monitor and adjust the implementation situation after declaration,which consists of three major stages of interrelationship and feedback.Further,it assists in forming a guidance and control system that covers the whole process to ensure continuity and systematicity from macroanalysis to specific planning and post-implementation evaluation.Second,the proposed guide and control system is practically applied through GIS spatial analysis,indicator evaluation and empirical analysis,using Guangdong Province and Meixian District as examples.In the pre-declaration stage,the quantitative analysis of counties and districts in Guangdong Province from the spatial agglomeration of traditional villages,the amount of occupancy,the cultural representative and the richness of heritage is carried out.It is found that if all counties and districts that meet the requirements of the declaration can implement centralized and continuous protection and utilization,51.02%of the province's traditional villages can be covered.A list of reserve counties and districts with the potential to develop centralized and continuous protection and utilization has been screened.In the planning stage,Meixian District-selected in 2022 as a national-level demonstration county for the centralized and continuous protection and utilization of traditional villagesis used to exemplify the practical application of the protection and utilization guidelines.In the implementation stage,the monitoring and evaluation of the implementation effect of the centralized and continuous protection and utilization of the existing traditional villages in Meixian District through the evaluation framework clarifies the specific improvement directions.These include enriching the industrial types,enhancing the thematic utilization,strengthening the construction and sharing of cultural and tourism facilities,and exploring the establishment of a platform that diversified authorities can use to formulate the development objectives for the next stage.This paper initially provides a guidance and control system covering the whole process for the centralized and continuous protection and utilization of traditional villages in Guangdong Province.It reveals the current situation and potential of the centralized and continuous protection and utilization of traditional villages in Guangdong Province and Meixian District.It proposes that the guidance and control system should be further improved in the future.More targeted planning and control measures and monitoring and evaluation frameworks should be proposed by combining them with a long-term study of traditional villages in different regions to effectively promote the holistic and systematic protection and development of traditional villages.