滇池流域传统村落景观基因的变异特征研究——以昆明海晏村为例

Study on the Variation Characteristics of Landscape Genes of Traditional Villages in Dianchi Lake Basin:Taking Haiyan Village in Kunming as an Example

传统村落景观基因研究对乡村资源活化及文化保护传承有助推作用。以滇池流域海晏村为例,基于景观基因理论,运用实地调研、访谈、景观基因分析法探究景观基因特征并总结其规律,在已有研究基础上,从平面、立面、文化三个维度总结其变异特征及规律为:(1)平面基因受经济因素和自然因素影响较大,以融合型变异为主。(2)立面基因受社会因素影响较大,嵌入型变异显著。(3)文化基因受社会因素和经济因素影响较大,以融合型变异为主,伴随着变异后消亡的结果。基于此提出景观基因修复策略,以期为保护传统村落政策制定以及乡村振兴规划提供参考。

Traditional villages face challenges such as the destruction of cultural landscapes and serious homogenization because of rapid urbanization.The unique natural geographic conditions and cultural environment of the Dianchi Lake Basin have given birth to many traditional villages with local characteristics.The study of landscape genes can reveal the constituent elements and interrelationships of the landscape of traditional villages,discover the evolution patterns of the cultural and material landscape of villages,and promote the protection and inheritance of rural resources and culture.The study area is Haiyan Village,Chenggong District,Kunming City,Dianchi Lake Basin.Based on the landscape gene theory,field survey,literature research,GIS analysis,and landscape gene analysis are used to explore the induced mechanism of landscape gene variation from a biological"base theory"perspective.The study finds that landscape gene variation is caused mainly by economic,social,and natural factors,and the corresponding variation characteristics can manifest as fusion-type variation,embedded-type variation,spontaneous variation,and post-variation extinction.The characteristics of Haiyan Village's landscape genes are identified and extracted based on this framework,and their variation characteristics and patterns are summarized from both dominant and recessive gene perspectives.First,in the spatial dimension,the distribution of information points of the dominant landscape gene in Haiyan Village is relatively uniform,and the information chain is well preserved.The variation is dominated by fusion-type variation and embedded-type variation,and there is a tendency toward spontaneous variation with economic development and policy improvement.Economic,political,and natural factors influence the variation greatly.Second,there are few information points of recessive landscape genes in Haiyan Village,and there are many cases of damage and breakage of the information chain.The variation is dominated by post-variation extinction and fusion-type variation,with a tendency towards spontaneous variation.The variation is greatly influenced by social and economic factors,especially the change of beliefs and the disappearance of traditional rituals and special festivals caused by cultural invasion.According to variation patterns,the strategy of landscape gene restoration in Haiyan Village is proposed,starting from favorable variation,neutral variation,and unfavorable variation.(1)For favorable variation-fusion-type variationit is necessary to protect the information points and recover the information chain to promote the diffusion of favorable variation.(2)Unfavorable variation-embedded-type variation-should be localized and the information chain restored or reconstructed;public education is needed for postvariation extinction.(3)For neutral variation-spontaneous variation-requires control and guidance to prevent it from evolving into unfavorable variation.The study explores the application of landscape genes in the appearance and culture of traditional villages in the Dianchi Lake Basin by taking Haiyan Village as an example to provide references for formulating policy on traditional village protection and rural revitalization planning.