中国社区成人焦虑障碍功能残疾现况调查

A cross-sectional study of functional disability rate of anxiety disorder and risk factors in Chinese community adults

目的:描述中国社区成人焦虑障碍功能残疾现况,探讨功能残疾的危险因素。方法:对中国精神卫生调查数据进行深入分析,焦虑障碍诊断工具是以精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版为诊断标准的复合性国际诊断交谈表-3.0,世界卫生组织残疾评定量表第二版为焦虑障碍功能残疾评定标准。计算焦虑障碍功能残疾率、致残率,影响正常工作和生活的天数;以多重线性回归和logistic回归分析共病及人口学因素对残疾严重程度和功能残疾发生的影响。结果:焦虑障碍加权功能残疾率和致残率分别为1.7%和42.2%,其中四级残疾构成比最高(84.1%),单纯焦虑障碍加权功能残疾率和致残率分别为0.3%和17.8%。各类焦虑障碍过去30 d部分影响正常工作和生活天数的中位数为0~14.42 d。多重线性回归分析显示,焦虑障碍共病其他精神障碍和躯体疾病(β=0.24)、其他精神障碍共病躯体疾病(β=0.21)、躯体疾病(β=0.18)、焦虑障碍共病躯体疾病(β=0.15)、焦虑障碍共病其他精神障碍(β=0.08)、其他精神障碍(β=0.07)、单纯焦虑障碍(β=0.06)、低受教育程度(β=0.12)、低收入水平(β=0.08)、高龄(β=0.06)、非在婚状态(β=0.06)、男性(β=0.02)与残疾严重程度正关联。Logistic回归分析显示,功能残疾发生的危险因素为:焦虑障碍共病其他精神障碍和躯体疾病(OR=64.07)、焦虑障碍共病其他精神障碍(OR=36.75)、其他精神障碍共病躯体疾病(OR=20.60)、焦虑障碍共病躯体疾病(OR=18.88)、焦虑障碍(OR=9.20)、其他精神障碍(OR=6.65)、躯体疾病(OR=4.00)、65岁及以上(OR=4.40)、50~64岁(OR=2.33)、低收入水平(OR=2.10)、文盲及小学以下受教育程度(OR=1.89)、中收入水平(OR=1.70)、小学受教育程度(OR=1.59)、非在婚状态(OR=1.47)和男性(OR=1.16)。结论:焦虑障碍共病其他精神障碍和躯体疾病增加功能残疾的发生和严重程度,共病其他精神障碍和躯体疾病、男性、高龄、低收入水平、低受教育程度、非在婚状态等因素是功能残疾的危险因素。

Objective:To describe functional disability rate of anxiety disorders in Chinese community adults and explore related risk factors of functional disability.Methods:To conduct in-depth data analysis on China Mental Health Survey(CMHS).The diagnostic tool for anxiety disorders was the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-3.0,according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition(DSM-IV).The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, 2nd edition, was the functional disability assessment standard for anxiety disorders.Weighted 12-month functional disability rate of DSM-Ⅳ anxiety disorder with comorbidities and only anxiety disorder in population and those in patients, as well as days of partial disability were calculated.The effects of anxiety disorders comorbid other mental disorders and physical diseases and demographic factors on the severity and occurrence of functional disability were analyzed by multiple linear regression and logistic regression.Results:The functional disability rate of anxiety disorder with comorbidities in population was 1.7%,and 42.2% in patients, in which constituent rate of grade-four disability was the highest as 84.1%.The functional disability rate of only anxiety disorder in population was 0.3%,and 17.8% in patients.The medians of days of partial disability days in the past 30 days were from 0 to 14.42.Multiple linear regression showed a positive association between comorbid anxiety disorder with other mental disorders and physical diseases(β=0.24),comorbid other mental disorders and physical diseases(β=0.21),physical diseases(β=0.18),comorbid anxiety disorder and physical diseases(β=0.15),comorbid anxiety disorder with other mental disorders(β=0.08),other mental disorders(β=0.07),only anxiety disorder(β=0.06),lower education level(β=0.12),lower economic status(β=0.08),older age(β=0.06),non-marital status(β=0.06),male(β=0.02) and the severity of functional disability.Logistic regression showed that comorbid anxiety with other mental disorders and physical diseases(OR=64.07),comorbid anxiety disorders with other mental disorders(OR=36.75),comorbid other mental disorders with physical diseases(OR=20.60),comorbid anxiety with physical diseases(OR=18.88),anxiety disorder(OR=9.20),other mental disorders(OR=6.65),physical diseases(OR=4.00),65 years old and over(OR=4.40),50 to 64 years old(OR=2.33),low economic status(OR=2.10),illiterate and below primary school educational level(OR=1.89),middle economic status(OR=1.70),elementary school educational level(OR=1.59),non-marital status(OR=1.47),male(OR=1.16) were the risk factors of the occurrence of functional disability.Conclusion:Comorbidity of anxiety disorders and other mental disorders, and physical diseases increases severity and occurrence of functional disability.Comorbidity, male, gender, older age, lower economic and educational level and non-marital are risk factors of anxiety disorder functional disability.