戒毒人员自我污名量表的编制

Development of the Self-Stigma Scale for Drug Addicts

目的:编制戒毒人员自我污名量表(SSSDA)并检验其效度和信度。方法:在文献分析、开放式问卷调查、半结构式访谈及专家咨询基础上发展问卷的理论结构,选取943名戒毒人员进行施测,样本1(n=483)用于条目分析及探索性因子分析样本2(n=460)用于验证性因子分析、效标效度检验及内部一致性信度分析,其中64名戒毒人员在间隔4周后进行重测。以吸毒刻板印象威胁量表(DSTS)为效标工具。结果:SSSDA共31个条目,包括自身消极认知、刻板印象认同、保密性、社交回避、污名经历、戒毒过程受污体验6个因子,因子负荷在0.41~0.81,累计解释总方差的64.09%6因子结构模型拟合指数良好(χ^(2)/df=2.82,RMSEA=0.06,CFI=0.92,GFI=0.85,TLI=0.91)SSSDA总分及各因子得分与DSTS总分均正相关(ICC=0.10~0.22,均P<0.05)总量表及各因子的Cronbachα系数在0.80~0.95,重测信度(ICC)在0.82~0.94。结论:本研究初步编制的戒毒人员自我污名量表有良好的效度和信度。

Objective:To develop the Self-Stigma Scale for Drug Addicts(SSSDA),and test its validity and reliability.Methods:On the basis of literature analysis,open questionnaire survey,semi-structured interview and expert consultation,the theoretical structure of the questionnaire was developed,and 943 drug addicts were tested.Sample 1(n=483)was used for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis,and sample 2(n=460)was used for confirmatory factor analysis,criterion related validity and internal consistency reliability analysis.Sixty-four drug addicts were retested 4 weeks later for test-retest reliability test.The criterion related validity was tested with the Drug Stereotype Threat Scale.Results:The scale consisted of 6 dimensions and 31 items,including self-negative cognition,stereotype identity,confidentiality,social avoidance,stigma experience,and stigma experience in the process of detoxification(factor loadings were from 0.41 to 0.81),which explained 64.09%of the total variance.The 6-factor structure model fitted the data well(χ^(2)/df=2.82,RMSEA=0.06,CFI=0.92,GFI=0.85,TLI=0.91).The total scores and factor scores of the SSSDA were positively correlated with the DSTS scores(ICC=0.10-0.22,Ps<0.05).The Cronbachαcoefficients for the total scale and each dimension were between 0.80 and 0.95,and the test-retest reliability coefficients(ICC)were between 0.82 and 0.94.Conclusion:The Self-stigma Scale for Drug Addicts(SSSDA)initially developed in this study has satisfactory reliability and validity.