失能老人长期照护服务需求的约束条件:需要与支付能力

Constraints on the Demand for Long-Term Care Services Among Elderly People with Disabilities:Needs and Payment Capacity

失能老人的支付能力,是长期照护服务需要转化为需求的关键因素,也是中国失能老人长期照护服务发展的重要基础。本文从界定失能老人长期照护服务需要、支付能力与需求概念出发,构建失能老人长期照护服务需求概念模型;通过概念操作化,推导出基于概念模型的失能老人长期照护服务需求测算模型。依据抽样调查与公开统计数据,分别测算陕西省与全国失能老人长期照护服务需要、支付能力与需求。研究发现,中国失能老人支付能力普遍不足,严重制约长期照护服务需要转化为需求。因此,建议尽快建立全国统一的长期护理保险制度,提升失能老人支付能力,定向精准弥补失能老人长期照护服务需要与需求缺口,为失能老人提供有效的资金与服务保障。

The payment capacity of disabled elderly individuals is crucial for transforming the need for long-term care services into actual demand,forming a key foundation for the development of such services in China.This article defines the concepts of need,payment capacity,and demand for long-term care services,and develops a conceptual model of demand.By operationalizing these concepts,it derives a calculation model for estimating demand.Using survey data and public statistics,the article assesses the needs,payment capacity,and demand for long-term care services in Shaanxi and nationwide.Findings indicate that the payment capacity of disabled elderly individuals is generally inadequate,severely limiting the conversion of service needs into demand.Consequently,it is recommended to establish a unified national long-term care insurance system to enhance payment capacity,eff ectively bridge the gap between needs and demand for long-term care services,and provide essential fi nancial and service support.